Cleopatra
Also known as Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator, Cleopatra VII Philopator, Cleopatra VII, Cleopatra Philopator, Kleopatra
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (; 70/69 BC10 or 12 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh. A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great. Her first language was Koine Greek, and she is the only Ptolemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language, among several others. After her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the Hellenistic period in the Mediterranean,
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Cleopatra VII was the last active ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning from 51 to 30 BC, and she was notably the only Ptolemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language despite being descended from Macedonian Greek founders. Her death marked a pivotal moment in history, as Egypt subsequently became a Roman province, ending the Hellenistic period in the Mediterranean.
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- Active from
- 1998
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- 2009
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38 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Background
- Biography
- Early childhood
- Reign and exile of Ptolemy XII
- Reign
- Accession to the throne
- Assassination of Pompey
- Relationship with Julius Caesar
- Liberators' civil war<span class="anchor" id="Cleopatra in the Liberators' civil war"></span>
- Relationship with Mark Antony
- Donations of Alexandria
- Battle of Actium
- Downfall and death
- Cleopatra's kingdom and role as a monarch
- Legacy
- Children and successors
- Roman literature and historiography
- Cultural depictions
- Depictions in ancient art
- Statues
- Coinage portraits
- Greco-Roman busts and heads
- Paintings
- Portland Vase
- Native Egyptian art
- Medieval and early modern reception
- Modern depictions and brand imaging
- Written works
- Ancestry
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Sources
- Web
- Further reading
- External links
Wr.t-twt-n-jt=s Weret-tut-en-it-es The great one, sacred image of her father
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