File:Succinate_Dehydrogenase_1YQ3_Electron_Carriers_Labeled.png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
cofactor
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The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst. Cofactors can be considered "helper molecules" that assist in biochemical transformations. The rates at which these happen are characterized in an area of study called enzyme kinetics. Cofactors typically differ from ligands in that they often derive their function by remaining bound.
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enzyme
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electron
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riboflavin
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thiamine(1+) ion
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folic acid
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vitamin B12
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
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vitamin B3
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methyl
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ubidecarenone
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oxidoreductase
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Annual Review of Biochemistry
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iron
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hydrogen
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oxygen
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copper
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bacteria
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metal
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calcium
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zinc
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