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Cossacks

thumb|An American Cossack family in the 1950s thumb|A Siberian Cossack [[family in Novosibirsk, after 2000]] thumb|Cossacks marching in Red Square at the 2015 Victory Day Parade

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Cossacks are a historically distinct group of people from Eastern Europe and Russia, particularly known for their traditional military and frontier communities. They remain culturally significant today, as evidenced by their continued presence in parades and family communities across Russia and among diaspora populations.

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Commons category: Cossacks

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~112 min read

Article

66 sections

Contents

Etymology
History
Early history
Later history
Ukrainian Cossacks
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Emergence
Relations with surrounding states
Conflict with Poland
Under Russian rule
Cossack Hetmanate
Formation of the Cossack class in the Hetmanate
Relations with neighbours
Suppression of Cossack autonomy in the Russian Empire
Black Sea, Azov and Danubian Sich Cossacks
Russian Cossacks
Don Cossacks
Kuban Cossacks
Terek Cossacks
Yaik Cossacks
Razin and Pugachev Rebellions
Razin's Rebellion
Pugachev's Rebellion
In the Russian Empire
Cossacks between 1900 and 1917
Cossacks after the Russian Revolution
February Revolution, 1917
In Greater Russia
In Ukraine
Bolshevik uprising and Civil War, 1917–1922
Cossack autonomies in Don, Kuban and North Caucasus
Ukrainian State
Cossacks in the Soviet Union, 1922–1945
Anticommunist Cossacks in exile and World War II, 1920–1945
Russian Cossack emigration
Ukrainian Hetman movement
Modern times
Culture and organization
Groupings
Settlements
Family life
Popular image
Music
Ranks
Uniforms
Modern-day Cossack identity
Organizations
Americas
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Russia
Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation
All-Russian Cossack Society
Ukraine
Notable people
Noble families
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Other groups
Flags and emblems
Propaganda and stereotypes
See also
Footnotes
References
Further reading
External links

thumb|An American Cossack family in the 1950s thumb|A Siberian Cossack [[family in Novosibirsk, after 2000]] thumb|Cossacks marching in Red Square at the 2015 Victory Day Parade

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic, Eastern Orthodox Christian people, originating from the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, countering the Crimean–Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states. Although numerous ethnic, linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, the East Slavs predominated, with other groups gradually coalesced and Slavicized, thereby adopting East Slavic culture, East Slavic languages and Eastern Orthodox Christianity.