Dictyoptera
Also known as Dictyopteran, Dictyopterans
thumb|upright|Termite queen with soldiers Dictyoptera (from Greek δίκτυον diktyon "net" and πτερόν pteron "wing") is an insect superorder that includes two extant orders of polyneopterous insects: the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches together) and the order Mantodea (mantises). All modern Dictyoptera have short ovipositors and typically lay oothecae. The oldest fossils of Dictyoptera from the Late Carboniferous, referred to as "roachoids" have long ovipositors and did not lay oothecae. The oldest modern oothecae-laying dictyopterans date to the Late Triassic. __TOC__ ==Classification
Species
GENUS
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumArthropoda
- ClassInsecta
- OrderColeoptera
- FamilyLycidae
Les dictyoptères (Dictyoptera) forment un super-ordre (ou parfois un ordre) d'insectes, actuellement désuet. Il a longtemps été divisé en trois, les blattoptères (blattes, cafards ou cancrelats), les mantoptères (mantes) et les isoptères (termites) en raison de leurs grandes différences d'aspects. Cependant, divers caractères (pièces buccales de type broyeur, tarse de 5 articles, aile antérieure en élytre, aile postérieure membraneuse repliable, pièces de cerques articulées et confection d'une oothèque sauf chez les termites) ont justifié leur regroupement au sein d'un même super-ordre Polyneoptera, qui en 2011 ne comporte plus que deux ordres (Blattodea et Mantodea), Isoptera ayant été intégré au sein de Blattodea. Ne pas confondre avec le genre actuel Dictyoptera, des coléoptères de la famille des Lycidae (infra-ordre des Elateriformia). Sommaire 1 Description des sous-ordres 1.1 Classification phylogénétique 1.2 Anciennement Blattodea (les blattes) 1.2.1 Isoptera (les termites) 1.2.1.1 Mantodea (les mantes) 2 Notes et références 2.1 Références 3 Liens externes Description des sous-ordres Blatte germanique (Blatella germanica) Classification phylogénétique Anciennement Blattodea
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3 sectionsContents
- Classification and phylogeny
- References
- Further reading
thumb|upright|Termite queen with soldiers Dictyoptera (from Greek δίκτυον diktyon "net" and πτερόν pteron "wing") is an insect superorder that includes two extant orders of polyneopterous insects: the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches together) and the order Mantodea (mantises). All modern Dictyoptera have short ovipositors and typically lay oothecae. The oldest fossils of Dictyoptera from the Late Carboniferous, referred to as "roachoids" have long ovipositors and did not lay oothecae. The oldest modern oothecae-laying dictyopterans date to the Late Triassic. __TOC__ ==Classification and phylogeny== The use of the term Dictyoptera has changed over the years, and while largely out of use for much of the last century, it is becoming more widely used. It has usually been considered a superorder, with Isoptera, Blattodea and Mantodea being its three orders. In some classifications, however, Dictyoptera is shifted to order status and in others the order Isoptera has been subsumed under Blattodea while retaining Dictyoptera as a superorder. Regardless, in all classifications the constituent groups are the same, just treated at different rank. Termites and cockroaches are very closely related, with ecological and molecular data pointing to a relationship with the cockroach genus Cryptocercus.
According to genetic evidence, the closest living relatives of the Dictyoptera are the orders Phasmatodea, Mantophasmatodea, and Grylloblattodea. If the Dictyoptera are considered a superorder these other orders might be included in it.