Entamoeba
Entamoeba is a genus of Amoebozoa found as internal parasites or commensals of animals. In 1875, Fedor Lösch described the first proven case of amoebic dysentery in St. Petersburg, Russia. He referred to the amoeba he observed microscopically as Amoeba coli; however, it is not clear whether he was using this as a descriptive term or intended it as a formal taxonomic name. The genus Entamoeba was defined by Casagrandi and Barbagallo for the species Entamoeba coli, which is known to be a commensal organism. Lösch's organism was renamed Entamoeba histolytica by Fritz Schaudinn in 1903; he later d
Species
GENUS
- KingdomProtozoa
- PhylumAmoebozoa
- ClassLobosa
- OrderAmoebida
- FamilyEntamoebidae
Entamoeba coli, Stadien im Lebenszyklus. Zu unterscheiden von Endamoeba Entamoeba ist eine Gattung von Amoebozoa, die als innere Parasiten oder Kommensalen bei Tieren (Wirbeltieren einschließlich des Menschen) vorkommen. Im Jahr 1875 beschrieb Fedor A. Lösch (auch Fyodor Alexandrovich Lesh, russisch Фёдор Александрович Леш) den ersten nachgewiesenen Fall von Amöbenruhr in St. Petersburg, Russland.[1] Er bezeichnete die Amöben, die er mikroskopisch beobachtete, als Amoeba coli; es ist jedoch nicht klar, ob er dies als beschreibenden Begriff verwendete oder ob er es als formale taxonomische Bezeichnung beabsichtigte. Die Gattung Entamoeba wurde dann 1895 von Casagrandi und Barbagallo für die Art Entamoeba coli, einen Kommensalorganismus, definiert.[2] Löschs Organismus (Amoeba coli) wurde 1903 von Fritz Schaudinn in Entamoeba histolytica umbenannt und damit in die neue Gattung gestellt; er starb 1906 an einer bei der Untersuchung der Amöbe erlittenen Infektion. In der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wurde die gesamte Gattung Entamoeba in die Gattung Endamoeba überführt, eine wenig bekannte Gattung von Amöben, die wirbellose Tiere infizieren. Dieser Schritt wurd
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- Species
- Structure
- Classification
- Culture
- Fission
- Differentiation and cell biology
- Meiosis
- References
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Entamoeba is a genus of Amoebozoa found as internal parasites or commensals of animals. In 1875, Fedor Lösch described the first proven case of amoebic dysentery in St. Petersburg, Russia. He referred to the amoeba he observed microscopically as Amoeba coli; however, it is not clear whether he was using this as a descriptive term or intended it as a formal taxonomic name. The genus Entamoeba was defined by Casagrandi and Barbagallo for the species Entamoeba coli, which is known to be a commensal organism. Lösch's organism was renamed Entamoeba histolytica by Fritz Schaudinn in 1903; he later died, in 1906, from a self-inflicted infection when studying this amoeba. For a time during the first half of the 20th century the entire genus Entamoeba was transferred to Endamoeba, a genus of amoebas infecting invertebrates about which little is known. This move was reversed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in the late 1950s, and Entamoeba has stayed 'stable' ever since.
==Species== Several species are found in humans and animals. Entamoeba histolytica is the pathogen responsible for invasive 'amoebiasis' (which includes amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscesses). Others such as Entamoeba coli (not to be confused with Escherichia coli) and Entamoeba dispar are harmless. With the exception of Entamoeba gingivalis, which lives in the mouth, and E. moshkovskii, which is frequently isolated from river and lake sediments, all Entamoeba species are found in the intestines of the animals they infect. Entamoeba invadens is a species that can cause a disease similar to E. histolytica but in reptiles. In contrast to other species, E. invadens forms cysts in vitro in the absence of bacteria and is used as a model system to study this aspect of the life cycle. Many other species of Entamoeba have been described, and it is likely that many others remain to be found.