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Erbil

File:Shar_Park,_Hawler,_Erbil_Governorate,_Iraq.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Also known as Arbil, Irbil, Arbela, Hawler, Hewler

Erbil (; ), also called Hawler (), is the capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of the Erbil Governorate. Erbil is described as the region's cultural, economic, industrial, educational and medical hub.

AI overview

Erbil is the capital and largest city of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, serving as the main center for culture, business, industry, education, and healthcare in the area. The city is important because it functions as the region's primary hub for economic activity and essential services.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

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Place details

Locality
ھەولێر
Region
پارێزگای ھەولێر
Country
العراق
Population
1,612,700
Timezone
Asia/Baghdad

via OpenStreetMap · GeoNames

Key facts

Settlement.name
Erbil
Settlement.settlement_type
City
Settlement.native_name_lang
ku
Settlement.other_name
Hewlêr
Settlement.nickname
The City of Citadel and Minaret(Kurdish: شاری قەڵا و منارە)
Settlement.map_caption
Location of Erbil within the Kurdistan Region
Settlement.pushpin_map
Iraqi Kurdistan#Iraq
Settlement.pushpin_label
Erbil
Settlement.pushpin_label_position
top
Settlement.pushpin_mapsize
270px
Settlement.pushpin_map_caption
Location of Erbil within the Kurdistan Region##Location of Erbil within Iraq
Settlement.pushpin_relief
1
Settlement.subdivision_type
Country
Settlement.subdivision_type1
Federal region
Settlement.subdivision_type2
Governorate
Settlement.subdivision_name2
Erbil
Settlement.leader_title
Mayor
Settlement.leader_name
Omed Khoshnaw

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Population
846000
Area
12000
Elevation
385
Image
Citadel (old city) of Hewlêr (Erbil).jpg
Dialing code
66
Show 5 more facts
Commons category
Arbil
postal code
44001
native label
Hewlêr
Sources (5)

via Wikidata · CC0

Travel guide

Get in

thumb|Modern area in the outskirts of the centre

Get around

Public transportation is available in the form of taxis and some bus routes, but automobiles are the main mode of transportation. Compared with other cities in the Middle East, shared taxis and buses are very infrequent and impractical. If you don't know your way around or have a guide with local knowledge it is inadvisable to try public transportation alone. In terms of taxis there are several choices:

Careem Taxi: Careem is like the Uber of Erbil. Many people use this taxi app to go to places in Erbil, and it is fairly cheap. The costs vary by the distance of the place you are going to.

See

thumb|Jalil Khayat Mosque in Erbil thumb|Kurdish Textile Museum in the Hewler Citadel thumb|Mosaic on the Battle of Arbela

Do

Stroll around in the deserted city inside the citadel in the centre of Erbil. Hundreds of houses that appears to have been abandoned in a hurry. Walk into the court yards, sleeping rooms and bed rooms or up to the rooftop terraces to enjoy a spectacular panorama of Erbil or ponder what life might have been in this place before the inhabitants were repopulated. In season, see the Erbil SC football team play a match at Franso Hariri Stadium, south of the city center. Erbil SC is a regular winner in the Iraqi Premiere League, runner-up in the Asian Football Cup, and beloved by many locals. Explore Erbil's nascent local art scene at the Shanadar Gallery, in Shandar Park, then take in Kurdish, Arab, and Persian music at one of the many restaurants/show venues in the city.

Buy

thumb|Shop in the Teyrawa bazaar Grand Majidi Mall is a new mall, and it is very popular for tourists, and it has many famous brands. Erbil Avenue is a very new mall, completed in December 2025. It doesn’t really have anything to shop, however it has a paintball arena, a padel court, and famous restaurants such as EL&N London and Street Burger Gordon Ramsay.

Eat

Many good restaurants exist in Erbil. However, the vast majority serve kebabs and chicken, with some Lebanese and Turkish restaurants. Options for foreign food are limited. Most restaurants, except those in high-end hotels, do not serve alcohol or accept credit cards.

Drink

thumb|Outdoors at a café

You can buy a wide variety of beer, wine and liquor at pretty reasonable prices in Ainkawa, the Christian suburb of Irbil. Just look for any of the local liquor stores. A litre of Jack Daniels for about US$22 is cheaper than in Tennessee where it is bottled! Remember that Erbil is a predominantly Muslim city: drinking in public is unacceptable and public drunkenness is frowned upon.

In addition, the bars at the major luxury hotels (such as the Divan and the Rotana) are popular gathering spots.

Sleep

There is an active couchsurfing community in Erbil, which offers a low cost alternative for hotels if you only plan to stay a few days in Erbil.

Go next

Sulaymaniyah is an easy 2-3 hour drive. Described as the centre of education and culture in Kurdistan. The city features the best museums in Iraqi Kurdistan, good hotels and a number of pleasant parks including Chavvy Land.

Travel guide from Wikivoyage (CC BY-SA 4.0)

~24 min read

Article

30 sections
Contents
  • Names
  • Archaeology
  • History
  • Neolithic
  • Bronze Age
  • Early Bronze
  • Middle Bronze
  • Late Bronze
  • Iron Age
  • Medieval history
  • Modern history
  • Transportation
  • Climate
  • Culture
  • Citadel of Erbil
  • Other sights
  • Sports
  • Demographics
  • Turkmens
  • Assyrians
  • IDPs
  • Economy
  • Erbil 2050 Master Plan
  • Green Belt Project
  • Sister cities
  • See also
  • Notes
  • References
  • Sources
  • External links

Erbil (; ), also called Hawler (), is the capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of the Erbil Governorate. Erbil is described as the region's cultural, economic, industrial, educational and medical hub.

Erbil is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Human settlement at Erbil may be dated back to the 5th millennium BC. At the heart of the city is the ancient Citadel of Erbil and Mudhafaria Minaret. The earliest historical reference to the region dates to the Third Dynasty of Ur of Sumer, when King Shulgi mentioned the city of Urbilum. The city was later conquered by the Assyrians.

Gallery (20)

On the map

2 mapped locations

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