Ferdinand III of Castille
Also known as Ferdinand III, Saint Ferdinand III, Saint Ferdinand, King of Spain
13th-century saint and king of Castile, Leon and Galicia
AI overview
Ferdinand III was a 13th-century king who ruled over the Spanish kingdoms of Castile, Leon, and Galicia and was later declared a saint by the Catholic Church. He is historically significant because he expanded Christian territory in medieval Spain and is venerated as a religious figure in Christian tradition.
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Key facts
- Reign
- 31 August 1217 – 30 May 1252
~14 min read
Article
Ferdinand III (Spanish: Fernando; 1199/1201 – 30 May 1252), called the Saint (el Santo), was King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231. He was the son of Alfonso IX of León and Berengaria of Castile. Through his second marriage he was also Count of Aumale. Ferdinand III was one of the most successful kings of Castile, securing not only the permanent union of the crowns of Castile and León, but also masterminding the most expansive southward territorial expansion campaign yet in the Guadalquivir Valley, in which Islamic rule was in disarray in the wake of the defeat of the Almohad caliphate at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. His repeated and decisive victories against the Islamic Caliphate earned him the title Athleta Christi, meaning 'Champion of Christ', which was conferred upon him by Pope Gregory IX.
By military and diplomatic efforts, Ferdinand greatly expanded the dominions of Castile by annexing the crown of Guadalquivir river valley in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, establishing the boundaries of the Castilian state for the next two centuries. New territories included important cities such as Baeza, Úbeda, Jaén, Córdoba and Seville, that were subject of Repartimiento, given a new general charter and repopulated in the following years.