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Hannibal

Also known as Hannibal Barca, Annibale, Gannibal, Annibal, Annibas, Hanibal, Hannibal, son of Hamilcar, Hannibal the Barcid

Hannibal (; ; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War. Hannibal lived during a period of great tension in the Mediterranean Basin, triggered by the emergence of the Roman Republic as a great power with its defeat of Carthage in the First Punic War. Revanchism prevailed in Carthage, symbolized by the pledge that Hannibal made to his father to "never be a friend of Rome".

AI overview

Hannibal was a Carthaginian general and statesman who led his country's forces against Rome during the Second Punic War (247–between 183 and 181 BC), a conflict rooted in Mediterranean tensions following Rome's earlier victory over Carthage. He matters historically because he represented Carthage's determined resistance to Rome's rising power, having pledged to his father never to befriend Rome and embodying his nation's desire to reverse its previous defeat.

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Quotes

“I have come not to make war on the Italians, but to aid the Italians against Rome.”
“Ah there is one thing about them more wonderful than their numbers … in all that vast number there is not one man called Gisgo.”
“nullum contemptu m[ortis incitamentum] ad uincendum homini ab dis immortalibus acrius datum est.”
“Liberemus diuturna cura populum Romanum, quando mortem senis exspectare longum censent. (Latin, not original language)”
“I am not carrying on a war of extermination against the Romans. I am contending for honour and empire. My ancestors yielded to Roman valour. I am endeavouring that others, in their turn, will be obliged to yield to my good fortune, and my valour.”

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Key facts

Military person.name: Hannibal
Military person.image: Hannibal Barca bust from Capua photo.jpg
Military person.caption: The Capuan bust, reputedly of Hannibal
Military person.native_name_lang: phn
Military person.birth_date: 247 BC
Military person.birth_place: Carthage, Carthaginian Empire
Military person.death_date: 183–181 BC (aged between 64–66)
Military person.death_place: Libyssa, Bithynia
Military person.laterwork: Politician
Military person.rank: General Commander-in-Chief of the Carthaginian army
Military person.battles: ---- (see Battle record for a full list of battles commanded)
Military person.battles_label: Wars
Military person.spouse: Imilce
Military person.children: Possibly a son (Haspar)

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Wikidata facts

Place of birth: Carthage
Image: Mommsen p265.jpg

Show 4 more facts

date of birth: 0247-01-01
date of death: 0183-01-01
Commons category: Hannibal
significant place: Carthage

Sources (7)

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~58 min read

Article

29 sections

Contents

Name
Background and early career
Second Punic War in Italy (218–204 BC)
Overland journey to Italy
Battle of Trebia
Battle of Lake Trasimene
Battle of Cannae
Stalemate
Retreat
Conclusion of the Second Punic War (203–201 BC)
Return to Carthage
Battle of Zama (202 BC)
Later career
Peacetime Carthage (200–196 BC)
Exile (after 195 BC)
Death (183–181 BC)
Legacy
Ancient world
Military history
In modern Tunisia
Other
Timeline
Battle record
See also
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links

In 218 BC Hannibal attacked Saguntum (modern Sagunto, Spain), an ally of Rome in Hispania. However, Saguntum was in Carthage's sphere of influence, so Rome had already broken the treaty in Hispania, this attack sparked the Second Punic War. Hannibal invaded Italy by crossing the Alps with North African war elephants. In his first few years in Italy, as the leader of a Carthaginian and partially Celtic army, he won a succession of victories at the Battle of Ticinus, Trebia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannae, inflicting heavy losses on the Romans, over a quarter of their army. Hannibal was distinguished for his ability to determine both his and his opponent's respective strengths and weaknesses, and to plan battles accordingly. His well-planned strategies allowed him to conquer and ally with several Italian cities that were previously allied to Rome. Hannibal occupied most of southern Italy for 15 years. The Romans, led by Fabius Maximus, avoided directly engaging him, instead waging a war of attrition (the Fabian strategy). Carthaginian defeats in Hispania prevented Hannibal from being reinforced, and he was unable to win a decisive victory. A counter-invasion of North Africa, led by the Roman general Scipio Africanus, forced him to return to Carthage. Hannibal was defeated at the Battle of Zama, ending the war in a Roman victory.