heroin

Also known as 7,8-Dihydro-4,5-alpha-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-alpha-diol diacetate, H, diacetylmorphin, (5alpha,6alpha)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate (este), O,O'-Diacetylmorphin, 3,6-Diacetylmorphin, (5α,6α)-7,8-Didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate (este), Diacetylmorphin

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Key facts

Drug.INN: Diamorphine
Drug.Watchedfields: changed
Drug.verifiedrevid: 443854562
Drug.BAN: Diamorphine
Drug.IUPAC_name: (5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate
Drug.image: Diamorphine2DACS3.svg
Drug.width: 175
Drug.image_class: skin-invert-image
Drug.image2: Heroin-from-xtal-horizontal-3D-balls.png
Drug.image_class2: bg-transparent
Drug.pronounce: Heroin:
Drug.tradename: Diaphin
Drug.dependency_liability: Very high
Drug.addiction_liability: Very high
Drug.routes_of_administration: Intravenous, inhalation, oromucosal, by mouth, intranasal, rectal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrathecal
Drug.class: Opioid
Drug.ATC_prefix: N07
Drug.ATC_suffix: BC06

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula: C21H23NO5
Molecular weight: 369.4 g/mol
IUPAC name: [(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-9-acetyloxy-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7-yl] acetate
SMILES: CC(=O)O[C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)OC(=O)C)CCN3C
InChIKey: GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N
XLogP: 1.5
Polar surface area: 65.1 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 6
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

22,916 papers

[Bronchial diseases and heroin use. A systematic review].Revue des maladies respiratoires · 2023Underner M, Perriot J, Peiffer G et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.09.006
A method of diamorphine (heroin) administration for harm reduction.ReviewHarm reduction journal · 2023Kavanagh ON, Machado TCDOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00758-1
[Heroin].Revue medicale de Liege · 2013Demaret I, Lemaître A, Ansseau M
Confirmation of recent heroin abuse: Accepting the challenge.ReviewDrug testing and analysis · 2018Maas A, Madea B, Hess CDOI: 10.1002/dta.2244
HEROIN ADDICTION.British medical journal · 1964CHAPPLE PADOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5425.1662-a
HEROIN ADDICTS.British medical journal · 1964GLATT MMDOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5390.1116-c
Supervised Injectable Heroin: A Clinical Perspective.ReviewCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2017Bell J, Waal RV, Strang JDOI: 10.1177/0706743716673966
Patients' satisfaction with heroin-assisted treatment: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Ellefsen R, Wüsthoff LEC, Arnevik EADOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00808-8

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Mass: 369.158
Image: Heroin paraphernalia.jpg

Show 5 more facts

Commons category: Heroin
chemical formula: C₂₁H₂₃NO₅
canonical SMILES: CC(=O)OC1C=CC2C3CC4=C5C2(C1OC5=C(C=C4)OC(=O)C)CCN3C
isomeric SMILES: CC(=O)O[C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC4=C5[C@]2([C@H]1OC5=C(C=C4)OC(=O)C)CCN3C
melting point: 170

Sources (9)

via Wikidata · CC0

~52 min read

Article

45 sections

Contents

Uses
Recreational
Medical uses
Maintenance therapy
Routes of administration
By mouth
Injection
Smoking
Insufflation
Suppository
Adverse effects
Short-term effects
Long-term effects
Injection
Smoking
Withdrawal
Overdose
Pharmacology
Chemistry
History
Society and culture
Names
Legal status
Asia
Europe
Australia
North America
Turkey
Misuse of prescription medication
Pharmaceutical supply chain
Production
Legal opium production
Licensed pharmaceutical manufacturers
Distribution
Illicit supply chain
Production
Trafficking
Routes
The Balkan route
Trafficking history
Street price
Research
See also
References
External links

Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is a morphinan opioid substance synthesized from the dried latex of the opium poppy; it is mainly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Heroin is used medically in several countries to relieve pain, such as during childbirth or a heart attack. Medical-grade diamorphine is used as a pure hydrochloride salt. Various white and brown powders sold illegally around the world as heroin are routinely diluted with cutting agents. Black tar heroin is a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), which is the result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street heroin.

Heroin is typically injected, usually into a vein, but it can also be snorted, smoked, or inhaled. In a clinical context, the route of administration is most commonly intravenous injection; it may also be given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, as well as orally in the form of tablets. The onset of effects is usually rapid and lasts for a few hours.