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hyperparathyroidism
Also known as hyperparathyreosis
Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism). Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are caused by inappropriately elevated blood calcium excreted from the bones into the blood stream in response to increased production of parathyroid hormone. In healthy people, when blood calcium levels are high, parathyroid hormone levels should be low. With long-standing hyperparathyroidism, the most common symptom
Key facts
- Medical condition.name
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Medical condition.image
- 3D Medical Animation still shot Hyperparathyroidism.jpg
- Medical condition.caption
- 3D diagram of hyperparathyroidism
- Medical condition.field
- Endocrinology
- Medical condition.symptoms
- None, kidney stones, weakness, depression, bone pains, confusion, increased urination
- Medical condition.complications
- Osteoporosis
- Medical condition.onset
- 50 to 60
- Medical condition.types
- Primary, secondary
- Medical condition.causes
- Primary: parathyroid adenoma, multiple benign tumors, parathyroid cancerSecondary: vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease, low blood calcium
- Medical condition.diagnosis
- High blood calcium and high PTH levels
- Medical condition.treatment
Article
27 sectionsContents
- Signs and symptoms
- Causes
- Development
- Mechanism
- Regulation of PTH
- Diagnosis
- Differential diagnosis
- Blood tests
- Intact PTH
- Calcium levels
- Serum phosphate
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Nuclear medicine
- Classification
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Treatment
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Calcimimetics
- Epidemiology
- History
- Notes
- References
- External links
Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism). Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism are caused by inappropriately elevated blood calcium excreted from the bones into the blood stream in response to increased production of parathyroid hormone. In healthy people, when blood calcium levels are high, parathyroid hormone levels should be low. With long-standing hyperparathyroidism, the most common symptom is kidney stones. Other symptoms may include bone pain, weakness, depression, confusion, and increased urination. Both primary and secondary may result in osteoporosis (weakening of the bones).
In 80% of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is due to a single benign tumor known as a parathyroid adenoma. Most of the remainder are due to several of these adenomas. Very rarely it may be due to parathyroid cancer. Secondary hyperparathyroidism typically occurs due to vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease, or other causes of low blood calcium. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is made by finding elevated calcium and PTH in the blood.