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intellectual disability

Also known as mental retardation, intellectual developmental disability, ID, IDD, general learning disability, syndromic intellectual disability, slowness, IQ under 70

generalized neurodevelopmental disorder

AI overview

Intellectual disability is a condition that affects how a person's brain develops, resulting in limitations with thinking, learning, and everyday functioning. It matters because people with intellectual disabilities need appropriate support and accommodations to participate fully in school, work, and community life.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

128,841 papers

Intellectual Disability and Language Disorder.ReviewChild and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2017Marrus N, Hall LDOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2017.03.001
Deciphering Intellectual Disability.ReviewIndian journal of pediatrics · 2023Gupta NDOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04345-3
A clinical approach to developmental delay and intellectual disability.ReviewClinical medicine (London, England) · 2017Vasudevan P, Suri MDOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-6-558
Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder).Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2020Siegel M, McGuire K, Veenstra-VanderWeele J et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.018
Understanding intellectual disability through RASopathies.ReviewJournal of physiology, Paris · 2014San Martín A, Pagani MRDOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.05.003
Intellectual disability (mental retardation).ReviewPediatrics in review · 2012Shea SEDOI: 10.1542/pir.33-3-110
Intellectual Disability & Rare Disorders: A Diagnostic Challenge.ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology · 2017Kvarnung M, Nordgren ADOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_3
People with epilepsy and intellectual disability.ReviewActa neurologica Belgica · 2025Monté CPJA, Arends JBAM, Lazeron RHC et al.DOI: 10.1007/s13760-025-02884-y

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Wikidata facts

Show 7 more facts

ICPC 2 ID: P85
Commons category: Intellectual disabilities
NCI Thesaurus ID: C97250
exact match: www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_87277
ICD-9-CM: 319
prevalence: 0.03
P8168: Q550816

Sources (5)

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Article

Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), and formerly as mental retardation (in the United States), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood. Children with intellectual disability typically have an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 70 and deficits in at least two adaptive behaviors that affect everyday living. According to the DSM-5, intellectual functions include reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience. Deficits in these functions must be confirmed by clinical evaluation and individualized standard IQ testing. On the other hand, adaptive behaviors include the social, developmental, and practical skills people learn to perform tasks in their everyday lives. Deficits in adaptive functioning often compromise an individual's independence and ability to meet their social responsibility.

Intellectual disability is subdivided into syndromic intellectual disability, in which intellectual deficits associated with other medical and behavioral signs and symptoms are present, and non-syndromic intellectual disability, in which intellectual deficits appear without other abnormalities. Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome are examples of syndromic intellectual disabilities.