Also known as iron-and-steel industry, ferrous industry, industry of ferrous metals, ferrous metal industry, ferrous metallurgy, iron-steel industry
heavy industry that deals with the production of steel
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~40 min read
Bloomery smelting during the Middle Ages
Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys. The earliest surviving prehistoric iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt, were made from meteoritic iron-nickel. It is not known when or where the smelting of iron from ores began, but by the end of the 2nd millennium BC, iron was being produced from iron ores in the region from Greece to India, The use of wrought iron (worked iron) was known by the 1st millennium BC, and its spread defined the Iron Age. During the medieval period, smiths in Europe found a way of producing wrought iron from cast iron, in this context known as pig iron, using finery forges. All these processes required charcoal as fuel.
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Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).