Also known as Leo PP. X, Papa León X, Leo X. Papst, Pope Leo X, Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, Pope Leone X, Giovanni De' Medici, Giovanni de' Medici
pope from 1513 to 1521 (1475-1521)
Leo X was a pope who led the Catholic Church from 1513 until his death in 1521. He is historically significant because his papacy occurred during the early Protestant Reformation, a period of major religious and political upheaval in Europe.
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Pope Leo X (Italian: Leone X; born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, 11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 March 1513 to his death in December 1521.
Born into the prominent political and banking Medici family of Florence, Giovanni was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, leader of the Florentine Republic, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1489. Following the death of Pope Julius II, Giovanni was elected pope after securing the backing of the younger members of the College of Cardinals. Early on in his rule he oversaw the closing sessions of the Fifth Council of the Lateran, but struggled to implement the reforms agreed. In 1517 he led a costly war that succeeded in securing his nephew Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici as Duke of Urbino, but reduced papal finances.
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