File:Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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molybdenum

Also known as element 42, 42Mo, molybdenum atom, elemental molybdenum, metallic molybdenum

Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is derived from Ancient Greek '''', meaning lead, since its ores were sometimes confused with those of lead. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. The metal was first isolated in 1781 by Peter Jacob Hjelm.

OverviewAI-generated

Molybdenum is a chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. It has a mass of 95.95 and an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹. The element exhibits an oxidation state of 6 and an electronegativity of 2. Its ionic radius is 0.73.

Physically, molybdenum has a density of 10.28, a melting point of 4752, and a boiling point of 8717. It possesses a tensile modulus of elasticity of 329000. The element was discovered in 1778.

Safety guidelines indicate an immediately dangerous to life or health level of 5000 and a time-weighted average exposure limit of 15. In chemical databases, it is identified by PubChem CID 23932 and NIOSH Pocket Guide ID 0433. The Unicode character for the element is 鉬.

Synthesized by Vinony from 33 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Mo
Molecular weight: 95.95 g/mol
IUPAC name: molybdenum
SMILES: [Mo]
InChIKey: ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

25,436 papers

Molybdenum: More than an essential element.ReviewJournal of experimental botany · 2022Huang XY, Hu DW, Zhao FJDOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab534
Molybdenum.ReviewJournal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology · 1999Barceloux DGDOI: 10.1081/clt-100102422
Function of Molybdenum Insertases.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Kruse TDOI: 10.3390/molecules27175372
Molybdenum Carbide-Based Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications.ReviewLangmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2022Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guo C et al.DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01887
Molybdenum.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Novotny JA, Peterson CADOI: 10.1093/advances/nmx001
The molybdenum cofactor.ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Mendel RRDOI: 10.1074/jbc.R113.455311
[Molybdenum].ReviewNihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine · 2004Yoshida M
Molybdenum enzymes.ReviewEssays in biochemistry · 1999Hille RDOI: 10.1042/bse0340125

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Subclass of: period 5
Part of: group 6
Named after: lead
Material used: molybdenite
Mass: 95.95
Image: Molybdenum crystaline fragment and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Has use: Masson's trichrome stain

Show 26 more facts

element symbol: Mo
Commons category: Molybdenum
topic's main category: Category:Molybdenum
atomic number: 42
immediately dangerous to life or health: 5000
described by source: Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition
canonical SMILES: [Mo]
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0433
density: 10.28
Commons gallery: Molybdenum
melting point: 4752
boiling point: 8717
vapor pressure: 0
time-weighted average exposure limit: 15
chemical formula: Mo
oxidation state: 6
electron configuration: [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹
time of discovery or invention: 1778-00-00
on focus list of Wikimedia project: Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
discoverer or inventor: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
location of discovery: Sweden
electronegativity: 2
tensile modulus of elasticity: 329000
Unicode character: 鉬
different from: Mo
ionic radius: 0.73

Sources (7)

via Wikidata · CC0

~32 min read

Encyclopedic overview

28 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Isotopes
Redox buffer in the irradiated fuel matrix
Compounds
History
Occurrence and production
Mining
Molybdenum traces in seawater
Applications
Alloys
Pure element applications
Compound applications
Biological role
Mo-containing enzymes
Human metabolism and deficiency
Excretion
Excess and copper antagonism
Mammography
Dietary recommendations
Labeling
Food sources
Precautions
See also
References
Bibliography
External links

Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is derived from Ancient Greek '', meaning lead, since its ores were sometimes confused with those of lead. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. The metal was first isolated in 1781 by Peter Jacob Hjelm.

Molybdenum does not occur naturally as a free metal on Earth; in its minerals, it is found only in oxidized states. The free element, a silvery metal with a grey cast, has the sixth-highest melting point of any element. It readily forms hard, stable carbides in alloys, and for this reason most of the world production of the element (about 80%) is used in steel alloys, including high-strength alloys and superalloys.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “molybdenum” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.