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nucleotide

Also known as nucleotides

thumb|275px|class=skin-invert-image|This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a [[nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.]]

AI overview

A nucleotide is a molecule made up of three parts: a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and other important molecules in living cells.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

1,065,824 papers

Regulation of mammalian nucleotide metabolism and biosynthesis.ReviewNucleic acids research · 2015Lane AN, Fan TWDOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv047
Nucleotide Transport and Metabolism in Diatoms.ReviewBiomolecules · 2019Gruber A, Haferkamp IDOI: 10.3390/biom9120761
Nucleotide biosynthesis: the base of bacterial pathogenesis.ReviewTrends in microbiology · 2022Goncheva MI, Chin D, Heinrichs DEDOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.007
Nucleotide Sugars in Chemistry and Biology.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Mikkola SDOI: 10.3390/molecules25235755
Emerging roles of nucleotide metabolism in cancer.ReviewTrends in cancer · 2023Shi DD, Savani MR, Abdullah KG et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.008
Nucleotide addition and cleavage by RNA polymerase II: Coordination of two catalytic reactions using a single active site.ReviewThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2023Unarta IC, Goonetilleke EC, Wang D et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102844
Roles of nucleotide metabolism in pancreatic cancer.ReviewFrontiers in immunology · 2025Liu Q, Liu J, Wang S et al.DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1637768
Nucleotides and nucleotide derivatives as signal molecules in plants.ReviewJournal of experimental botany · 2024Witte CP, Herde MDOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae377

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Wikidata facts

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Commons category: Nucleotides

Sources (6)

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~21 min read

Article

14 sections

Contents

Structure
Synthesis
Pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis
Purine ribonucleotide synthesis
Pyrimidine and purine degradation
Quantification of dNTP pools
Prebiotic synthesis of nucleotides
Unnatural base pair (UBP)
Medical applications of synthetic nucleotides
Length unit
Abbreviation codes for degenerate bases
See also
References
Further reading

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are obtained in the diet and are also synthesized from common nutrients by the liver.