Oomycetes
Also known as Oomycota (descriptive name), Oomycota, oomycete, water mold, water mould
The Oomycetes (), or Oomycota, form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms within the Stramenopiles. They are filamentous and heterotrophic, and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction of an oospore is the result of contact between hyphae of male antheridia and female oogonia; these spores can overwinter and are known as resting spores. Asexual reproduction involves the formation of chlamydospores and sporangia, producing motile zoospores. Oomycetes occupy both saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and include some of the most notorious
Species
water molds
Phylum
- PhylumOomycota
Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater
Oomycetes (dibaca seperti "o-o-mi-sétès"), dikenal juga dengan jamur air, adalah kelompok protista bersel tunggal yang berfilamen. Anggota-anggotanya secara fisik mirip dengan fungi (jejamuran), sehingga organisme ini pernah dimasukkan sebagai anggota fungi, bahkan hingga sekarang kajian biologinya masih dimasukkan ke dalam mikologi (ilmu tentang biologi fungi). Dalam bahasa Inggris, Oomycetes disebut juga sebagai water moulds ("jamur air") karena kebiasaannya yang tumbuh dengan baik dalam kondisi kelembaban yang tinggi dan berair. Klasifikasi awal menempatkan Oomycetes (secara harafiah berarti "jamur telur") sebagai kerabat jamur karena penampilannya yang mirip miselia. Namun, ada beberapa ciri yang unik yang berbeda dari fungi lainnya. Oomycetes memiliki dinding sel yang tersusun dari selulosa, berbeda dari fungi, yang tersusun dari kitin, sehingga ia lebih dekat pada alga dan tumbuhan. Dalam fase vegetatif dari pergiliran keturunannya, sel-selnya memiliki inti diploid, padahal fungi memiliki inti haploid. Berdasarkan kajian biologi molekuler, organisme ini ternyata berhubungan lebih dekat dengan alga coklat dan diatom daripada dengan fungi, sehingga digolongkan dalam filum Heter
via
Research
8,924 papers- Oomycetes.Current biology : CB · 2018
- Animal pathogenic Oomycetes.
~10 min read
Article
11 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Morphology
- Classification
- Phylogenetic relationships
- Internal
- External
- Biology
- Reproduction
- Ecology and pathogenicity
- References
- External links
The Oomycetes (), or Oomycota, form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms within the Stramenopiles. They are filamentous and heterotrophic, and can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction of an oospore is the result of contact between hyphae of male antheridia and female oogonia; these spores can overwinter and are known as resting spores. Asexual reproduction involves the formation of chlamydospores and sporangia, producing motile zoospores. Oomycetes occupy both saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and include some of the most notorious pathogens of plants, causing devastating diseases such as late blight of potato and sudden oak death. One oomycete, the mycoparasite Pythium oligandrum, is used for biocontrol, attacking plant pathogenic fungi. The oomycetes are also often referred to as water molds (or water moulds), although the water-preferring nature which led to that name is not true of most species, which are terrestrial pathogens.
Oomycetes were originally grouped with fungi due to similarities in morphology and lifestyle. However, molecular and phylogenetic studies revealed significant differences between fungi and oomycetes which means the latter are now grouped with the stramenopiles (which include some types of algae). The Oomycota have a very sparse fossil record; a possible oomycete has been described in amber from the Cretaceous.