
The Pentatomomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the true bug order Hemiptera. The group includes such animals as the shield- or stink-bugs (Pentatomidae and alies), flat bugs (Aradidae), seed bugs (Lygaeidae and Rhyparochromidae), etc. They are closely related to the Cimicomorpha.
椿象下目(學名:Pentatomomorpha),又名椿次目[1]:166,是昆蟲中的一個下目,包括如盲椿象科、椿象科、扁椿象科、長椿象科和地長椿象科之類的椿象。椿象下目和臭蟲下目的關係相近[2]。 分類 椿象下目通常又分為5個總科,其中的扁椿象總目為現存最基部的分支。這5個總科如下[3][4]: 扁椿象總科 Aradoidea 椿象總科 Pentatomoidea 緣椿象總科 Coreoidea:亦作緣蝽總科[1]:166 長椿象總科 Lygaeoidea 紅椿象總科 Pyrrhocoroidea 在此之中,椿象總科似乎在大致上和傳統上所理解的一般是個單系群,但其他三個總科則會形成個相互混雜的類群,且因此極需要重新地予以定界[4]。例如,擬長椿象科有時會被歸類於長椿象總科之中,有時則會個別歸在擬長椿象總科此一單系群中。 皮椿象科通常歸在長椿象總科中,但在更仔細的研究之前,最好先設為「地位未定」,因為這一科最古老的一些成員和一些史前時期的扁椿象總科動物極度地相似;在其之間的關係搞清楚之前,承認另一個單系群的皮椿象總科似乎有些草率,但最後可能變成最有依據的一個方向。[5] 參考文獻 ^ 1.0 1.1 饒戈; 葉朝霞. 香港蝽類昆蟲圖鑑 第一版. 香港昆蟲學會. 2012: 166. ISBN 978-988-17797-7-9 (中文(繁體)). ^ Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2005): Heteroptera. True bugs. Version of 2005-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-JUL-28. ^ Coreoidea. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (英语). ^ 4.0 4.1 Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) (1995): Pentatomomorpha. Flat bugs, stink bugs, seed bugs, leaf-footed bugs, scentless plant bugs, etc.. Version of 1995-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-JUL-28. ^ Grimaldi & Engel (2007) Grimaldi, David A. & Engel, Michael S. (2007): An Unusual, Primitive Piesmatidae (Insecta: Heteroptera) in Cretaceous Amber from Myanmar (Burma). American Museum Novitates 3611: 1-17. DOI:10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3611[1:
via
via Wikidata · CC0
The Pentatomomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the true bug order Hemiptera. The group includes such animals as the shield- or stink-bugs (Pentatomidae and alies), flat bugs (Aradidae), seed bugs (Lygaeidae and Rhyparochromidae), etc. They are closely related to the Cimicomorpha.
Based on the fossil morphology, the common ancestor of Pentatomomorpha must be older than the fossils in the late Triassic. They play an important role in agriculture and forestry industries and they are also used as controlling agents in studies.
via Wikidata sitelinks · CC0
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).