Pinikir

Also known as Pirengir, Kikki Gilira

Pinikir, also known as Pinigir, Pirengir, Pirinkir, and Parakaras, was an Ancient Near Eastern astral goddess who originates in Elamite religious beliefs. While she is only infrequently attested in Elamite documents, she achieved a degree of prominence in Hurrian religion. Due to her presence in pantheons of many parts of the Ancient Near East, from Anatolia to Iran, modern researchers refer to her as a "cosmopolitan deity."

Key facts

Deity.type: Elamite
Deity.name: Pinikir
Deity.image: Winged deity (Pinikir), ca. 14th–13th century BCE.jpg
Deity.caption: A small bronze figurine of a winged deity, most likely Pinikir, dated to the fourteenth or thirteenth century BCE
Deity.god_of: Elamite and Hurrian astral goddess
Deity.cult_center: Susa, Awan, Chogha Zanbil, Samuha, the Yazılıkaya sanctuary
Deity.symbol: star
Deity.parents: Sin and Ningal (in only one text, due do syncretism with Ishtar)
Deity.siblings: Shamash (as above)
Deity.equivalent1_type: Mesopotamian
Deity.equivalent1: Ishtar, Ninsianna
Deity.equivalent2_type: Syrian
Deity.equivalent2: possibly Ashtart

via Wikipedia infobox

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Encyclopedic overview

9 sections

Contents

Name
Character and iconography
Association with other deities
Worship
In Elam
In Syria and Anatolia
Disproved theories
References
Bibliography

Early scholarship incorrectly identified her as one and the same as Kiririsha, an unrelated goddess from a different part of Elam.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Pinikir” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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