File:Pleuronectes_platessa.carrelet02.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Pleuronectiformes
Sign in to saveAlso known as the flatfish order, flatfish, Category:Flatfish
Flatfish are a group of ray-finned fish belonging to the suborder Pleuronectoidei and historically the order Pleuronectiformes (though this is now disputed). Their collective common name is due to their habit of lying on one side of their laterally-compressed body (flattened side-to-side) upon the seafloor; in this position, both eyes lie on the side of the head facing upwards, while the other side of the head and body (the "blind side") lies on the substrate. This loss of symmetry, a unique adaptation in vertebrates, stems from one eye "migrating" towards the other during the juvenile's metam
Pleuronectiformes is a group of ray-finned fish commonly known as flatfish, characterized by their flattened bodies and both eyes positioned on the same side of their head as they rest on the seafloor. This unusual adaptation, where one eye migrates during development, represents a unique loss of body symmetry found nowhere else in vertebrates and allows these fish to blend in with their surroundings while hunting prey on the ocean bottom.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
Plattfische
Pleuronectiformes
ORDER
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumChordata
- ClassTeleostei
- OrderPleuronectiformes
蒸鰨沙 比目魚或扁魚，是鰈形目魚類的統稱，又名魼（qu1），是一類卵圓形扁平深海魚類；熱帶或寒帶大陸棚中等深度的海水水域均有蹤跡，少部分生活於淡水中，現已成為人類的食品之一。 比目魚的特徵是兩眼均位於身體的一側，比目魚也是因此得名，有眼的一側有體色，另側為白色。鲽形目，约600种卵圆形扁平鱼类的统称。见于热带到寒带水域，多为海产，生活在大陸棚中等深度的海水中，但有些则进入或永久生活于淡水。肉食性，底棲，静止时一侧伏卧，部分身体经常埋在泥沙中。有些能随环境的颜色而改变体色。比目鱼最显著的特征之一是，两眼完全在头的一侧；另一特征为体色，有眼的一侧有颜色，但下面无眼的一侧为白色。其他特征为沿背腹缘分别具长形的背，臀鳍。 歐洲鰈魚(歐洲主要商業比目魚) 美洲的淡水和海水同時存在的比目魚 加拿大和美國的水域最大的比目魚 大型左眼睛比目魚(歐洲各地的沙灘淺海水域發現) 比目魚（左眼鰈） 比目魚（魚眼同在左側）大菱鮃
via GBIF
Research
5,222 papers- A Review of Flatfish (Order: Pleuronectiformes) Diversity in Indian Waters: A Literature Overview.ReviewZootaxa · 2024Pillai HU, Dutta SDOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5523.3.2
- Asymmetric pigmentation and pigment disorders in pleuronectiformes (flounders).ReviewPigment cell research · 1992Matsumoto J, Seikai TDOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1990.tb00385.x
- Metamorphosis and early larval development of the flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes): an osmoregulatory perspective.ReviewComparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology · 2001Schreiber AMDOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(01)00346-3
- Geometric morphometric analysis of Pleuronectiformes vertebrae: A new tool to identify archaeological fish remains?Journal of anatomy · 2023Dierickx K, Oueslati T, Profico ADOI: 10.1111/joa.13934
- The brain-pituitary-gonad axis in male teleosts, with special emphasis on flatfish (Pleuronectiformes).ReviewComparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology · 2004Weltzien FA, Andersson E, Andersen Ø et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.11.007
- Evolution of rhodopsin in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) is associated with depth and migratory behavior.Journal of fish biology · 2024Macpherson ESB, Hauser FE, Van Nynatten A et al.DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15828
- Analysis of the morphogenesis and cell proliferation in the retina of a pleuronectiform fish, the turbot Psetta maxima (Pleuronectiformes: Teleostei).ReviewMicroscopy research and technique · 2013Cid P, Doldán MJ, Rodríguez MS et al.DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22203
- New record of Engyprosopon macrolepis (Regan, 1908) from Taiwan (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae).Zootaxa · 2024Su YO, Ho HC, Amaoka KDOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5474.1.4
via PubMed
Wikidata facts
- Image
- Pseudopleuronectes americanus.jpg
Show 4 more facts
- taxon name
- Pleuronectiformes
- Commons category
- Pleuronectoidei
- MCN code
- 0304.83.00
- taxon common name
- bokoplute
Sources (2)
via Wikidata · CC0
~23 min read
Article
17 sectionsContents
- Common names
- Distribution
- Description
- Development
- Hybrids
- Evolution
- Taxonomy
- Classification
- Fossil taxa
- Phylogeny
- Timeline of genera
- Relation to humans
- Fishing and aquaculture
- As food
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Flatfish are a group of ray-finned fish belonging to the suborder Pleuronectoidei and historically the order Pleuronectiformes (though this is now disputed). Their collective common name is due to their habit of lying on one side of their laterally-compressed body (flattened side-to-side) upon the seafloor; in this position, both eyes lie on the side of the head facing upwards, while the other side of the head and body (the "blind side") lies on the substrate. This loss of symmetry, a unique adaptation in vertebrates, stems from one eye "migrating" towards the other during the juvenile's metamorphosis; due to variation, some species tend to face their left side upward, some their right side, and others face either side upward. Pleuronectidae lie on their left side, with eyes on the right. Paralichthyidae lie on their right side, with eyes on the left. The "primitive" genus Psettodes may develop into "right-facing" or "left-facing" individuals.
They are one of the most speciose groups of demersal fish. Their cryptic coloration and habits, a form of camouflage, conceals them from potential predators.
Gallery (23)
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