porcelain

Also known as fine china, china

thumb|Chinese Ru ware celadon-glazed bottle vase, [[Northern Song, 11th–12th century]]

AI overview

Porcelain is a hard, white ceramic material made from kaolin clay and other minerals that are fired at very high temperatures, creating a strong and non-porous product. It has been highly valued throughout history, particularly in China where it was developed, because of its strength, beauty, and ability to hold liquids without absorbing them, making it useful for both practical vessels and fine art.

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Key facts

Chinese.c: 瓷
Chinese.p: cí
Chinese.w: tz'ŭ2
Chinese.j: ci4
Chinese.y: chìh
Chinese.tl: hûi

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Commons category: Porcelain
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~36 min read

Article

34 sections

Contents

Types
Hard paste
Soft paste
Bone china
Materials
Production
Forming
Glazing
Decoration
Firing
History
Chinese porcelain
Japanese porcelain
Korean porcelain
European porcelain
Meissen
Russian porcelain
Soft paste porcelain
France
Italy
England
Applications other than decorative and tableware
Electric insulators
Chemical porcelain
Tiles
Sanitaryware
Dental porcelain
Manufacturers
See also
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
External links

thumb|Chinese Ru ware celadon-glazed bottle vase, [[Northern Song, 11th–12th century]]

Porcelain (), also called china, is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The greater strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arise mainly from vitrification and the formation of the mineral mullite within the body at these high temperatures. End applications include tableware, decorative ware such as figurines, and products in technology and industry such as electrical insulators and laboratory ware.