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pre-eclampsia

Also known as Pre-eclampsia, preeclampsia, Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia superimposed on pre-existing hypertension, pregnancy associated hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, toxaemia of pregnancy, hypertension induced by pregnancy, gestational hypertension, proteinuric hypertension of pregnancy

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Key facts

Medical condition.name: Pre-eclampsia
Medical condition.image: Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy high mag.jpg
Medical condition.caption: A micrograph showing hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy, a finding seen in gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia. H&E stain.
Medical condition.field: Obstetrics
Medical condition.synonyms: Preeclampsia toxaemia (PET)
Medical condition.symptoms: High blood pressure, protein in the urine
Medical condition.complications: Red blood cell breakdown, low blood platelet count, impaired liver function, kidney problems, swelling, shortness of breath due to fluid in the lungs, eclampsia
Medical condition.onset: After 20 weeks of pregnancy
Medical condition.risks: Obesity, prior hypertension, older age, diabetes mellitus
Medical condition.diagnosis: BP > 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic at two separate times
Medical condition.prevention: Aspirin, calcium supplementation, treatment of prior hypertension
Medical condition.treatment: Delivery, medications
Medical condition.medication: Labetalol, methyldopa, magnesium sulfate
Medical condition.frequency: 2–8% of pregnancies
Medical condition.deaths: 46,900 hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (2015)
Diagnostic.Name: Pre-eclampsia laboratory values
Diagnostic.Image: Preeclampsia Fishbone Schematic.PNG
Diagnostic.Alt: LDH/Uric Acid/AST/ALT/Plt/Cr

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

46,087 papers

Pre-eclampsia: pathogenesis, novel diagnostics and therapies.ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology · 2019Phipps EA, Thadhani R, Benzing T et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0119-6
Pre-eclampsia: does cardiac function differ in HIV-positive and -negative women?ReviewCardiovascular journal of Africa · 2024Bhorat R, Bhorat I, Khaliq OP et al.DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2023-005
Pre-eclampsia.ReviewLancet (London, England) · 2005Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc MDOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17987-2
Midwives' knowledge of pre-eclampsia management: A scoping review.Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives · 2021Garti I, Gray M, Tan JY et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.08.010
Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.ReviewVascular health and risk management · 2011Uzan J, Carbonnel M, Piconne O et al.DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S20181
Pre-eclampsia--still a disease of theories?ReviewCurrent opinion in obstetrics & gynecology · 1998Higgins JR, Brennecke SPDOI: 10.1097/00001703-199804000-00009
Pre-eclampsia: physiology and immunological aspects.ReviewEuropean journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology · 1995Vinatier D, Monnier JCDOI: 10.1016/0301-2115(95)02106-h
Epidemiology of pre-eclampsia and the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.ReviewBest practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology · 2011Hutcheon JA, Lisonkova S, Joseph KSDOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.01.006

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Wikidata facts

Image: Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy high mag.jpg

Show 4 more facts

Commons category: Pre-eclampsia
exact match: www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_275555
NCI Thesaurus ID: C85021
ICPC 2 ID: W81

Sources (4)

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~43 min read

Article

31 sections

Contents

Etymology
Signs and symptoms
Causes
Genetic factors
Risk factors
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria
Predictive tests
Differential diagnosis
Prevention
Diet
Aspirin
Physical activity
Smoking cessation
Immune modulation
Treatment
Blood pressure
Prevention of eclampsia
Epidemiology
Complications
Eclampsia
HELLP Syndrome
Long term
Postpartum preeclampsia
Other animals
Two-kinds of pre-eclampsia
See also
References
Sources
External links

Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the new onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine (proteinuria) or by the new onset of high blood pressure along with significant end-organ damage, with or without the proteinuria. When it arises, the condition begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy. In severe cases of the disease there may be red blood cell breakdown, a low blood platelet count, impaired liver function, kidney dysfunction, swelling, shortness of breath due to fluid in the lungs, or visual disturbances. Pre-eclampsia increases the risk of undesirable as well as lethal outcomes for both the mother and the fetus including preterm labor. If left untreated, it may result in seizures at which point it is known as eclampsia.

Risk factors for pre-eclampsia include obesity, prior hypertension, older age, and diabetes mellitus. It is also more frequent in a woman's first pregnancy and if she is carrying twins. The underlying mechanisms are complex and involve abnormal formation of blood vessels in the placenta amongst other factors. Most cases are diagnosed before delivery, and may be categorized depending on the gestational week at delivery. Commonly, pre-eclampsia continues into the period after delivery, then known as postpartum pre-eclampsia. Rarely, pre-eclampsia may begin in the period after delivery. While historically both high blood pressure and protein in the urine were required to make the diagnosis, some definitions also include those with hypertension and any associated organ dysfunction. Blood pressure is defined as high when it is greater than 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic at two separate times, more than four hours apart in a woman after twenty weeks of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is routinely screened during prenatal care.