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Also known as presidencies of Vladimir Putin, putinismus
thumb|300px|Vladimir Putin at the party congress of [[United Russia in 2011]]
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thumb|300px|Vladimir Putin at the party congress of [[United Russia in 2011]]
Putinism () is the social, political, and economic system of Russia formed during the political leadership of Vladimir Putin. It is characterized by the concentration of political and financial powers in the hands of "siloviks", current and former "people with shoulder marks", coming from a total of 22 governmental enforcement agencies, the majority of them being the Federal Security Service (FSB), Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Armed Forces of Russia, and National Guard of Russia. According to Arnold Beichman, "Putinism in the 21st century has become as significant a watchword as Stalinism was in the 20th."
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Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).