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Fascism

thumb|upright=1.05|Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy (left), and [[Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany (right), were notable fascist leaders.]]

OverviewAI-generated

Fascism is a political system, ideology, and movement originating in the Kingdom of Italy. It is named after the fasces, which also serves as its official symbol. The ideology is characterized by authoritarianism, ultranationalism, dictatorship, and autocracy. It is a facet of far-right politics and a subclass of ultranationalism, populism, and totalitarianism. Fascism does not include individualism, egalitarianism, or democracy. It is the opposite of anti-fascism.

Benito Mussolini is a significant person associated with the movement. The Fasci d'Azione Rivolazionaria is a significant event in its history. Fascism has been influenced by Charles Maurras, the French Revolution, the October Revolution, and fin de siècle. It is interested in direct action, youth, racial hygiene, and the master race. The subject has parts including the economics of fascism, Italian Fascism, fascism in Europe, and Nazi Germany. It is followed by neo-fascism.

Synthesized by Vinony from 25 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

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Research

187 papers

Rita Levi-Montalcini: the neurologist who challenged fascism.ReviewArquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Coutinho L, Teive HAGDOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761426
A lesson from Nye Bevan on the roots of fascism.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Hopkinson NSDOI: 10.1136/bmj.r2510
The land of the past? Neo-populism, neo-fascism, and the failure of the left in Brazil.ReviewPolitical geography · 2020de Souza MLDOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102186
Forward: "Feminist and Queer resistance to Neo-Fascism's anti-'Gender Ideology' movements".Journal of lesbian studies · 2024Liu W, Essig L, Ben Hagai E et al.DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2024.2359281
Fascism's Stages: Imperial Violence, Entanglement, and Processualization.Journal of the history of ideas · 2021Reichardt SDOI: 10.1353/jhi.2021.0004
Science and fascism: confronting unpopular ideas.ReviewAddictive behaviors · 1993Searles JSDOI: 10.1016/0306-4603(93)90003-r
Introduction: Old and New Fascism.Canadian review of sociology = Revue canadienne de sociologie · 2019Satgar V, Chase-Dunn CDOI: 10.1111/cars.12266
Fascism as a recurring possibility: Zeev Sternhell, the anti-Enlightenment, and the intellectual history of European modernity.History of European ideas · 2023Giordani TDOI: 10.1080/01916599.2022.2159484

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Encyclopedic overview

51 sections

Contents

Etymology
Definitions
Position on the political spectrum
''Fascist'' as a pejorative
History
Background and 19th-century roots
Fin de siècle era and lead up to World War I (1880–1914)
World War I and its aftermath (1914–1929)
Impact of World War I
Impact of the October Revolution in Russia
Fascist Manifesto and Charter of Carnaro
Accommodating conservatives
Fascist violence
Fascist Italy
Mussolini in power
Catholic Church
Corporatist economic system
Aggressive colonial and foreign policies
Nazi adoption of the Italian model
International impact of the Great Depression and buildup to World War II
World War II (1939–1945)
Post-World War II (1945–2008)
Contemporary fascism (2008–present)
Greece
Post-Soviet Russia
United States
Tenets
Ultranationalism
Totalitarianism
Economy
Direct action
Age and gender roles
Palingenesis and modernism
Culture
Aesthetics
Popular culture
Criticism
Anti-democratic and tyrannical
Unprincipled opportunism
Ideological dishonesty
Anti-fascism
See also
References
Bibliography
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Tertiary sources
Further reading
Primary sources
Secondary sources
External links

Italian Duce Benito Mussolini (left) and German Führer Adolf Hitler (right) were notable fascist leaders.

Fascism (/ˈfæʃɪzəm/ FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right , authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement that rose to prominence in early-20th-century Europe. Fascism is characterized by support for a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived interest of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Opposed to communism, democracy, liberalism, pluralism, and socialism, fascism is at the far-right of the traditional left–right spectrum. What constitutes a precise definition of fascism has been a longrunning and complex debate among scholars.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Fascism” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.