Red Cloud

Also known as Maḣpíya Lùta, Makhpiya-luta, Mahpiya Luta, Chief Red Cloud

chief of Oglala Lakota

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Quotes

“We are told that Spotted Tail has consented to be the Beggars’ Chief. Those Indians who go over to the white man can be nothing but beggars, for he respects only riches, and how can an Indian be a rich man? He cannot without ceasing to be an Indian. As for me, I have listened patiently to the promises of the Great Father, but his memory is short. I am now done with him. This is all I have to say.”
“Among latter-day chiefs, Red Cloud was notable as a quiet man, simple and direct in speech, courageous in action, an ardent lover of his country, and possessed in a marked degree of the manly qualities characteristic of the American Indian in his best days.”
“Red Cloud won great glory among all the Indians on the plains by his skill in manœuvring in getting us to give up four hundred miles of rich territory, pulling down three forts, and retiring back to the Platte River. No chief since King Philip or Red Jacket has achieved such a feat and a reputation as Red Cloud.”

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Key facts

Born: c. 1822 , near modern-day North Platte, Nebraska
Died: December 10, 1909 (1909-12-10) (aged 86–87), Pine Ridge, South Dakota , U.S.
Burial place: Red Cloud Cemetery, Pine Ridge, 43°4′38″N 102°35′1″W / 43.07722°N 102.58361°W / 43.07722; -102.58361 ( Grave of Red Cloud (Maȟpíya Lúta) )
Known for: Red Cloud's War , Most photographed American Indian of the nineteenth century
Title: Tribal chief
Successor: Jack Red Cloud
Spouse: Pretty Owl (Mary Good Road)

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Wikidata facts

Image: Red Cloud by John K Hillers circa 1880.jpg

Show 6 more facts

Commons category: Red Cloud
date of birth: 1822-01-01
date of death: 1910-12-10
name in native language: Maȟpíya Lúta
birth name: Maḣpíya Lùta
start of work period: 1866-00-00

Sources (6)

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Article

Red Cloud (Lakota: Maȟpíya Lúta; c. 1822 – December 10, 1909) was a leader of the Oglala Lakota from 1865 to 1909. He was one of the most capable Native American opponents whom the United States Army faced in the western territories. He led the Lakota to victory over the United States during Red Cloud's War, establishing the Lakota as the only nation to defeat the United States on American soil. The largest action of the war was the 1866 Fetterman Fight, with 81 US soldiers killed; it was the worst military defeat suffered by the US Army on the Great Plains until the Battle of the Little Bighorn 10 years later.

After signing the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868), Red Cloud led his people in the transition to reservation life. Some of his opponents mistakenly thought of him as the overall leader of the Sioux groups (Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota), but the large tribe had several major divisions and was highly decentralized. Bands among the Oglala and other divisions operated independently, though some individual leaders were renowned as warriors and highly respected as leaders, such as Red Cloud.