reprogramming
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In biology, reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. Such control is also often associated with alternative covalent modifications of histones.
~26 min read
Article
23 sectionsContents
- Embryonic development
- Learning and memory
- Molecular stages
- TET family
- Recruitment of TET to DNA
- OGG1
- EGR1
- History
- Phases of reprogramming
- Initiation
- Somatic cell nuclear transfer
- Cell fusion
- Defined factors
- Maturation
- Stabilization
- In cell culture systems
- Transcription factors
- OSKM
- NANOG
- C/EBPα
- Variability
- See also
- References
In biology, reprogramming refers to erasure and remodeling of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, during mammalian development or in cell culture. Such control is also often associated with alternative covalent modifications of histones.
Reprogrammings that are both large scale (10% to 100% of epigenetic marks) and rapid (hours to a few days) occur at three life stages of mammals. Almost 100% of epigenetic marks are reprogrammed in two short periods early in development after fertilization of an ovum by a sperm. In addition, almost 10% of DNA methylations in neurons of the hippocampus can be rapidly altered during formation of a strong fear memory.