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robots.txt

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Also known as robots.txt protocol, Robots Exclusion Protocol

robots.txt is the filename used for implementing the Robots Exclusion Protocol, a standard used by websites to indicate to visiting web crawlers and other web robots which portions of the website they are allowed to visit.

Key facts

Technology standard.caption
Example of a simple robots.txt file, indicating that a user-agent called "Mallorybot" is not allowed to crawl any of the website's pages, and that other user-agents cannot crawl more than one page every 20 seconds, and are not allowed to crawl the "secret" folder
Technology standard.class
skin-invert-image
Technology standard.status
Proposed Standard
Technology standard.first_published
1994 published, formally standardized in 2022
Technology standard.website
,
Technology standard.title
robots.txt
Technology standard.long_name
Robots Exclusion Protocol
Technology standard.image
Robots txt.svg

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Official website
www.robotstxt.org
Image
Robots txt.svg
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Commons category
Robots.txt
Sources (1)

via Wikidata · CC0

~15 min read

Article

23 sections
Contents
  • History
  • Standard
  • Compliance
  • Search engines
  • Archival sites
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Security
  • Alternatives
  • Examples
  • The use of the wildcard * in rules
  • Nonstandard extensions
  • Crawl-delay directive
  • Sitemap
  • Universal "*" match
  • Content-Signal
  • Meta tags and headers
  • A "noindex" meta tag
  • A "noindex" HTTP response header
  • Maximum size of a robots.txt file
  • See also
  • References
  • Further reading
  • External links

robots.txt is the filename used for implementing the Robots Exclusion Protocol, a standard used by websites to indicate to visiting web crawlers and other web robots which portions of the website they are allowed to visit.

The standard, developed in 1994, relies on voluntary compliance. Malicious bots can use the file as a directory of which pages to visit, though standards bodies discourage countering this with security through obscurity. Some archival sites ignore robots.txt. The standard was used in the 1990s to mitigate server overload. In the 2020s, websites began denying bots that collect information for generative artificial intelligence.

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