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File:Antoninianus_of_Zenobia_(obverse).png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

EntityQ189705· pop 63· linked from 248 articles

Zenobia

Also known as Septimia Zenobia, Julia Aurelia Zenobia, Julia Augusta, Zenobia Augusta, Queen Zenobia, Iulia Aurelia Zenobia, Septima Zenobia

Septimia Zenobia (; ) was a third-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria. Many legends surround her ancestry; she was probably not a commoner. She married Odaenathus, who became king of the city of Palmyra in 260, elevating it to supreme power in the Near East by defeating the Sasanian Empire of Persia and stabilizing the Roman East. After Odaenathus' assassination in 267, Zenobia became the regent of her son Vaballathus and held de facto power throughout his reign (267 to 272).

AI overview

Zenobia was a third-century Syrian queen who ruled the Palmyrene Empire as regent for her young son after her husband's assassination in 267. She is historically significant because she wielded real power during a crucial period when the Roman Empire was fragmented, maintaining control over the prosperous eastern territories that her husband had consolidated.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

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Key facts

Royalty.name: Zenobia
Royalty.title: Augusta
Royalty.image: Antoninianus of Zenobia (obverse).png
Royalty.caption: Zenobia as empress on the obverse of an antoninianus (272 AD)
Royalty.succession: Empress of Palmyra
Royalty.reign: 272 AD
Royalty.regent: Vaballathus
Royalty.reg type: Co-monarch
Royalty.succession1: Queen of Egypt
Royalty.reign1: 270–272
Royalty.succession2: Queen mother (regent) of Palmyra
Royalty.reign2: 267–272
Royalty.reign type2: Regency
Royalty.predecessor2: Vaballathus
Royalty.pre type2: Monarch
Royalty.succession3: Queen consort of Palmyra
Royalty.reign3: 260–267
Royalty.reign type3: Tenure

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Wikidata facts

Image: Zenobia in Chains 1859 top.png

Show 6 more facts

Commons gallery: Zenobia
Commons category: Zenobia
date of birth: 0240-00-00
date of death: 0275-01-01
birth name: בת זבי
name in native language: Σεπτιμία Ζηνοβία

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Article

35 sections

Contents

Name, appearance and sources
Origin, family and early life
Contemporary epigraphical evidence
Ancient sources
Arab traditions and al-Zabba'
Queen of Palmyra
Consort
Possible role in Odaenathus' assassination
Regent
Consolidation of power
Early reign
Expansion
Syria and the invasion of Arabia Petraea
Annexation of Egypt and the campaigns in Asia Minor
Governance
Culture
Religion
Judaism
Administration
Agreement with Rome
Empress and open rebellion
Downfall
Captivity and fate
Titles
Descendants
Evaluation and legacy
Myth, romanticism and popular culture
Selected cultural depictions
See also
Notes
References
Citations
General and cited sources
Further reading
External links

In 270, Zenobia launched an invasion that brought most of the Roman East under her sway and culminated with the annexation of Egypt. By mid-271 her realm extended from Ancyra, central Anatolia, to Upper Egypt, although she remained nominally subordinate to Rome. However, in reaction to the campaign of the Roman emperor Aurelian in 272, Zenobia declared her son emperor and assumed the title of empress, thus declaring Palmyra's independence from Rome. The Romans were victorious after heavy fighting; the empress was besieged in her capital and captured in late 272 by Aurelian, who exiled her to Rome, where she spent the remainder of her life.