angular acceleration
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Angular acceleration is how quickly something's spinning speed changes — whether it's spinning faster, slower, or in a different direction. It matters because it helps us understand and predict how rotating objects behave, from spinning tops to car wheels to planets orbiting in space.
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In kinematics, angular acceleration (symbol α, alpha) is the time derivative of angular velocity. Following the two types of angular velocity, spin angular velocity and orbital angular velocity, the respective types of angular acceleration are: spin angular acceleration, involving a rigid body about an axis of rotation intersecting the body's centroid; and orbital angular acceleration, involving a point particle and an external axis.
Angular acceleration has physical dimensions of inverse time squared, with the SI unit radian per second squared (rad⋅s). In two dimensions, angular acceleration is a pseudoscalar whose sign is taken to be positive if the angular speed increases counterclockwise or decreases clockwise, and is taken to be negative if the angular speed increases clockwise or decreases counterclockwise. In three dimensions, angular acceleration is a pseudovector.