File:Piper_nigrum_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-107.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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black pepper

Also known as peppercorn, Piper nigrum

species of plant

AI overview

Black pepper is a plant species that produces the familiar black peppercorns used as a spice in cooking around the world. It has been one of the most important and widely traded spices throughout history, making it significant both economically and culturally across different societies.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Species

FamilyPiperaceae

Native toSri Lanka

Climbers woody. Nodes clearly enlarged and rooting, glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, rarely suborbicular, 10-15 × 5-9 cm, thick, ± leathery, glabrous, base rounded, usually slightly oblique, apex acute; veins 5-7(-9), apical pair arising 1.5-3.5 cm above base, alternate, others basal; reticulate veins prominent. Flowers polygamous, usually monoecious. Spikes leaf-opposed, to as long as leaves; peduncle nearly as long as petioles, glabrous; bracts spatulate-oblong, 3-3.5 × ca. 0.8 mm, adaxially adnate to rachis, only margin and broad, rounded apex free, shallowly cupular. Stamens 2, 1 on each side of ovary; filaments thick, short; anthers reniform. Ovary globose; stigmas 3 or 4, rarely 5. Drupe red when ripe, drying black when unripe, globose, 3-4 mm in diam., sessile. Fl. Jun-Oct.

via · Kew POWO

Research

2,251 papers

Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects.ReviewCritical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2007Srinivasan KDOI: 10.1080/10408390601062054
A systematic review on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): from folk uses to pharmacological applications.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2019Takooree H, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR et al.DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1565489
Herbal formulation "turmeric extract, black pepper, and ginger" versus Naproxen for chronic knee osteoarthritis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2020Heidari-Beni M, Moravejolahkami AR, Gorgian P et al.DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6671
Black pepper and its bioactive constituent piperine: promising therapeutic strategies for oral lichen planus.ReviewInflammopharmacology · 2019Yang JY, Zhang J, Zhou GDOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0540-7
Black pepper and health claims: a comprehensive treatise.ReviewCritical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2013Butt MS, Pasha I, Sultan MT et al.DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.571799
Black Pepper and Dietary Lipids Synergistically Enhance Carotenoid Bioavailability: A Narrative Review.ReviewNutrition reviews · 2026Luo M, Xiao HDOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf248
Combination of Taurine and Black Pepper Extract as a Treatment for Cardiovascular and Coronary Artery Diseases.ReviewNutrients · 2023Swiderski J, Sakkal S, Apostolopoulos V et al.DOI: 10.3390/nu15112562
Bioactive Properties, Bioavailability Profiles, and Clinical Evidence of the Potential Benefits of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) and Red Pepper (Capsicum annum) against Diverse Metabolic Complications.ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Dludla PV, Cirilli I, Marcheggiani F et al.DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186569

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Wikidata facts

Image: Piper nigrum dsc00198.jpg

Show 8 more facts

Commons category: Piper nigrum
taxon name: Piper nigrum
Commons gallery: Piper nigrum
GRIN URL: npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28589
taxon common name: črni poper
short name: P. nigrum
taxon author citation: L.
external data available at URL: www.gbif.org/dataset/31dc1507-a6e1-4233-a8df-c7a78596a7e4

Sources (6)

via Wikidata · CC0

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Article

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit (the peppercorn), which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit is a drupe (stonefruit) which is about 5 mm (1⁄4 in) in diameter (fresh and fully mature), dark red, and contains a stone which encloses a single pepper seed. Peppercorns and the ground pepper derived from them may be described simply as pepper, or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit), green pepper (dried unripe fruit), or white pepper (ripe fruit seeds).

Black pepper is native to Southeast or South Asia. Ground, dried, and cooked peppercorns have been used since antiquity, both for flavour and as a traditional medicine. Black pepper is one of the most commonly traded spices in the world. Its spiciness is due to the chemical compound piperine, which is a different kind of spiciness from that of capsaicin characteristic of chilli peppers. It is ubiquitous in the Western world as a seasoning and is often paired with salt and available on dining tables in shakers or mills.