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cardenolide

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cardenolide

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A cardenolide is a type of steroid. Many plants contain derivatives, collectively known as cardenolides, including many in the form of cardenolide glycosides (cardenolides that contain structural groups derived from sugars). Cardenolide glycosides are often toxic; specifically, they are heart-arresting. Cardenolides are toxic to animals through inhibition of the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase, which is responsible for maintaining the sodium and potassium ion gradients across the cell membranes.

Chemical data

Formula
C23H34O2
Molecular weight
342.5 g/mol
IUPAC name
(4R)-4-[(8R,9S,10S,13S,14R,17R)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]oxolan-2-one
SMILES
C[C@]12CCCCC1CC[C@@H]3[C@@H]2CC[C@]4([C@@H]3C=C[C@@H]4[C@H]5CC(=O)OC5)C
InChIKey
PHLRMGUUVNOKNG-OCYOQFCJSA-N
XLogP
6.5
Polar surface area
26.3 Ų
H-bond donors
0
H-bond acceptors
2
Formal charge
0

via PubChem

Wikidata facts

Has part
hydrogen
Mass
342.25588032799993
Show 4 more facts
isomeric SMILES
C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4CCCC[C@@]43C)[C@H]1C=C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1COC(=O)C1
canonical SMILES
CC12CCCCC1CCC3C2CCC4(C3C=CC4C5CC(=O)OC5)C
chemical formula
C₂₃H₃₄O₂
topic's main category
Category:Cardenolides
Sources (2)

via Wikidata · CC0

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Encyclopedic overview

4 sections
Contents
  • Etymology
  • Structure
  • As defense mechanism
  • References

A cardenolide is a type of steroid. Many plants contain derivatives, collectively known as cardenolides, including many in the form of cardenolide glycosides (cardenolides that contain structural groups derived from sugars). Cardenolide glycosides are often toxic; specifically, they are heart-arresting. Cardenolides are toxic to animals through inhibition of the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase, which is responsible for maintaining the sodium and potassium ion gradients across the cell membranes.

==Etymology== The term derives from card- "heart" (from Greek καρδία kardiā) and the suffix , referring to the lactone ring with double bond at C17. Cardenolides are a class of steroids (or aglycones if viewed as cardiac glycoside constituents), and cardenolides are a subtype of this class (see MeSH D codes list).

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “cardenolide” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.