demographics of Germany

Also known as demographics in Germany, German demographics, Germany's demographics, Germany demographics, demographics (Germany)

demographics of country

Key facts

Population: 83,577,141 (31 December 2024)
Density: 241/km (620/sq mi) (2024)
Growth rate: −0.12% (2024)
Birth rate: 8.2 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death rate: 12.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life expectancy: 81.2 years (2018–2020)
Male: 78.64 years
Female: 83.40 years
Fertility rate: 1.38 children born/woman (2023)
Infant mortality rate: 3.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2023)
Net migration rate: 1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024)
Total: 0.97 male(s)/female (2015)

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Article

Population between 1800 and 2000 Population density in Germany, by kreis/district Population density in 1925

The demography of Germany is monitored by the Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office of Germany). According to the most recent data, Germany's population is 83,577,140 (31 December 2024) making it the most populous country in the European Union and the nineteenth-most populous country in the world. The total fertility rate was rated at 1.38 in 2023, significantly below the replacement rate of 2.1. For a long time Germany had one of the world's lowest fertility rates of around 1.3 to 1.4. Due to the low birth rate, Germany has recorded more deaths than births every year since 1972, which means 2024 was the 53rd consecutive year the German population would have decreased without immigration. However, due to immigration the population has actually increased during the last half-century. In 2025 the number of people with a foreign background was 31.1%; this category includes foreigners, naturalized citizens, ethnic German repatriates from Eastern Europe and the children of all of the above.