demographics of Russia

Also known as Russia/People, Population of Russia, Demographic crisis of Russia, Demography of Russia, Russian demographics, Russian census

demographics of country

Key facts

Population: 146,028,325 (January 2025)
Growth rate: -0.38% (2022)
Birth rate: 8.4 births/1,000 population (2024)
Death rate: 12.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024)
Life expectancy: 73 years (2023)
Male: 68 years (2023)
Female: 79 years (2023)
Fertility rate: 1.36 (2025)
Infant mortality rate: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)
Net migration rate: 0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)
Under 18 years: ~23.21%
18 44 years: ~34.73%

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Article

Map of Russia's population density at municipality level, based on the results of the 2021 census.

Russia has an estimated population of 146.0 million as of 1 January 2025, down from 147.2 million recorded in the 2021 census. It is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world. Russia has a population density of 8.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (22 inhabitants/mi), with its overall life expectancy being 73 years (68 years for males and 79 years for females) as of 2023. The total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.37 children born per woman as of 2025, which is in line with the European average but below the replacement rate of 2.1.