dyslexia

Also known as reading/writing disorder

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Key facts

Medical condition (new).name: Dyslexia
Medical condition (new).synonyms: Reading disorder
Medical condition (new).image: File:Dislexia nens.jpg
Medical condition (new).caption: Dyslexia involves difficulties in processing letters and words.
Medical condition (new).types: Surface dyslexia
Medical condition (new).field: Neurology, pediatrics
Medical condition (new).symptoms: Trouble reading
Medical condition (new).onset: School age
Medical condition (new).causes: Genetic and environmental factors
Medical condition (new).risks: Family history, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Medical condition (new).diagnosis: Series memory, spelling, vision, and reading test
Medical condition (new).differential: Hearing or vision problems, insufficient teaching
Medical condition (new).treatment: Adjusting teaching methods
Medical condition (new).frequency: 3–7%

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

12,554 papers

Developmental dyslexia.ReviewAnnual review of clinical psychology · 2015Peterson RL, Pennington BFDOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112842
Dyslexia in the 21st century.ReviewCurrent opinion in psychiatry · 2021Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz JE, Shaywitz BADOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000670
Understanding Dyslexia in the Context of Developmental Language Disorders.ReviewLanguage, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2018Adlof SM, Hogan TPDOI: 10.1044/2018_LSHSS-DYSLC-18-0049
Revisiting the definition of dyslexia.Annals of dyslexia · 2024Catts HW, Terry NP, Lonigan CJ et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11881-023-00295-3
Dyslexia.ReviewThe New England journal of medicine · 1998Shaywitz SEDOI: 10.1056/NEJM199801293380507
The Modularity of Dyslexia.ReviewPediatrics and neonatology · 2021Rahul DR, Ponniah RJDOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2021.03.001
Developmental dyslexia and creativity: A meta-analysis.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2021Majeed NM, Hartanto A, Tan JJXDOI: 10.1002/dys.1677
Acquired dyslexia.ReviewSeminars in neurology · 2000Coslett HBDOI: 10.1055/s-2000-13174

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Image: Dyslexia handwriting Greek.jpg

Show 5 more facts

Commons category: Dyslexia
NCI Thesaurus ID: C96410
ICPC 2 ID: P24
exact match: identifiers.org/doid/DOID:4428
WordLift URL: data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/dyslexia

Sources (14)

via Wikidata · CC0

~27 min read

Article

25 sections

Contents

Classification
Signs and symptoms
Associated conditions
Causes
Neuroanatomy
Genetics
Gene–environment interaction
Language
Pathophysiology
Dual route theory
Diagnosis
Assessment
Assessment tests
Screening
Management
Prognosis
Epidemiology
History
Society and culture
Stigma and success
Research
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Dyslexia, also known as "word blindness", is a learning disability that affects either reading or writing. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. The difficulties are involuntary, and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. People with dyslexia have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental language disorders, and difficulties with numbers.

Dyslexia is believed to be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases run in families. Dyslexia that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is sometimes called "acquired dyslexia" or alexia. The underlying mechanisms of dyslexia result from differences within the brain's language processing. Dyslexia is diagnosed through a series of tests of memory, vision, spelling, and reading skills. Dyslexia is separate from reading difficulties caused by hearing or vision problems or by insufficient teaching or opportunity to learn.