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reading

Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

AI overview

Reading is the process of taking in the meaning of written symbols through your eyes or sense of touch. It matters because it allows people to access and understand information, ideas, and communication that have been recorded in written form.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

226,848 papers

The lateralization of reading.ReviewHandbook of clinical neurology · 2025Barton JJS, Albonico A, Starrfelt RDOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00012-9
Reading charts in ophthalmology.ReviewGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2017Radner WDOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3659-0
Dynamic reading in a digital age: new insights on cognition.ReviewTrends in cognitive sciences · 2024Liao S, Yu L, Kruger JL et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.002
Measuring reading performance.ReviewVision research · 2013Rubin GSDOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2013.02.015
Neural bases of reading fluency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuropsychologia · 2024Lee MM, Stoodley CJDOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108947
Toward an internationally accepted standard for reading charts.ReviewProgress in retinal and eye research · 2024Radner WDOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101262
Reading Abilities Post Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2021Pei Y, O'Brien KHDOI: 10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00213
Standardization of Reading Charts: A Review of Recent Developments.ReviewOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2019Radner WDOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001436

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Wikidata facts

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Commons category: Reading
P13411: September 5

Sources (6)

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~146 min read

Article

98 sections

Contents

Overview
Reading vs. literacy
Writing systems
Cognitive benefits
The right to read
State of reading achievement
Kindergarten to grade four
Middle school to high school
Adults ages 16 to 65
World-wide
National and International reports
NAEP - US grades 4 and 8
PIAAC - adults, 16 to 65
PIRLS - fourth graders
PISA - 15-year-old school pupils
EQAO - Ontario, Canada, grade 3
International research reports about best practices
2000 – [[National Reading Panel]] (NRP) (U.S.)
2005 – [[Teaching Reading, National Inquiry into the Teaching of Literacy (Australia 2005-The Rowe Report)]]
2006 – [[Independent review of the teaching of early reading (Rose Report 2006)]] ([[England]])
2022 – [[Right to Read inquiry report]] (R2R) (Canada)
Learning to read
Spoken language: the foundation of reading
Reading to children: necessary but not sufficient
Optimum age for learning to read
Suggested reading instruction by grade level
Foundational reading skill instruction practices, kindergarten through grade 12
Stages to skilled reading
Emerging pre-reader: 6 months to 6 years old
Novice reader: 6 to 7 years old
Decoding reader: 7 to 9 years old
Fluent, comprehending reader: 9 to 15 years old
Expert reader: 16 years and older
Science of reading
Foundational skills instruction
Simple view of reading
Scarborough's reading rope
Active view of reading model
Automaticity
How the brain reads
Eye movement and silent reading rate
Dual-route hypothesis to reading aloud
The production effect (reading out loud)
Evidence-based reading instruction
Multisensory learning
Explicit instruction vs. implicit instruction
Teaching print-to-speech vs. speech-to-print
Reading from paper vs. screens
Handwriting vs. typing practice in letter and word learning
Teaching reading and writing together
Computer-Based Early Reading Program
Belief in neuromyths among primary school teachers
Teacher training and legislation
Skeptics and critics of SoR
Teaching reading for alphabetic languages
Phonics and related areas
Combining phonics with other literacy instruction
Effectiveness of programs
Systematic phonics
Analytic phonics and analogy phonics
Embedded phonics with mini-lessons
Phonics through spelling
Synthetic phonics
Structured literacy
Related areas
Phonemic awareness
Vocabulary
Sight vocabulary vs. sight words
Fluency
Reading comprehension
Spelling instruction and reading
Using embedded pictures, and mnemonic alphabet cards when teaching phonics
Introducing the Letters - Faster vs. slower
Whole language and related areas
Balanced literacy
Three cueing system (Searchlights model)
Three Ps (3Ps) – Pause Prompt Praise
Guided reading, reading workshop, shared reading, leveled reading, silent reading (and self-teaching)
Reading wars: phonics vs. whole language
Tutoring in reading
Teaching reading for logographic languages
Requirements for proficient reading
Reading difficulties
Decoding
Reading rate
Reading fluency
Reading comprehension
Radio reading service
History
History of learning to read
Other terms
Gallery
Paintings
Photographs
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch.

For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), punctuation, alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.