freezing

Also known as solidification, chilling, freezing (solidification), frozen

thumb|Water dripping from a slab of [[ice and then freezing, forming icicles]] Freezing is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.

AI overview

Freezing is the process where a liquid turns into a solid when cooled below a certain temperature, called its freezing point. This matters because freezing is fundamental to how water becomes ice, how food is preserved, and how many natural and industrial processes work.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

117,815 papers

Freezing of Biologicals Revisited: Scale, Stability, Excipients, and Degradation Stresses.ReviewJournal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2020Authelin JR, Rodrigues MA, Tchessalov S et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.10.062
Applications of Freezing and Freeze-Drying in Pharmaceutical Formulations.ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology · 2018Izutsu KIDOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_20
Investigating Freezing Patterns in Plants Using Infrared Thermography.ReviewAdvances in experimental medicine and biology · 2018Livingston DP 3rdDOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_7
The Importance of Understanding the Freezing Step and Its Impact on Freeze-Drying Process Performance.ReviewJournal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2019Assegehegn G, Brito-de la Fuente E, Franco JM et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.039
Insect mitochondria as targets of freezing-induced injury.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Štětina T, Des Marteaux LE, Koštál VDOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1273
A Kinetic Model for Spray-Freezing of Pharmaceuticals.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2021Borges Sebastião I, Bhatnagar B, Tchessalov SDOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.032
Sandwich freezing and freeze substitution of Arabidopsis plant tissues for electron microscopy.Microscopy (Oxford, England) · 2024Yamaguchi M, Sato M, Takahashi-Nakaguchi A et al.DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfae032
Protein stability during freezing: separation of stresses and mechanisms of protein stabilization.ReviewPharmaceutical development and technology · 2007Bhatnagar BS, Bogner RH, Pikal MJDOI: 10.1080/10837450701481157

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Wikidata facts

Image: Snow crystallization in Akureyri 2005-02-26 19-03-37.jpeg

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Commons category: Freezing
NCI Thesaurus ID: C48160

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Article

13 sections

Contents

Crystallization
Supercooling
Exothermicity
Vitrification
Freezing of living organisms
Bacteria
Plants
Animals
Food preservation
Table
See also
References
External links

For most substances, the melting and freezing points are the same temperature; however, certain substances possess differing solid-liquid transition temperatures. For example, agar displays a hysteresis in its melting point and freezing point. It melts at and solidifies from .