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genome

Also known as genomes

thumb|An image of the 46 chromosomes making up the diploid genome of a human male (the mitochondrial chromosomes are not shown).

AI overview

A genome is the complete set of genetic instructions, made up of chromosomes, that an organism inherits and uses to build and maintain itself. Understanding genomes matters because it helps us learn how living things work, develop, and inherit traits from their parents.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

2,126,050 papers

Whole-genome sequencing in medicinal plants: current progress and prospect.ReviewScience China. Life sciences · 2024Pei Y, Leng L, Sun W et al.DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2375-y
The microbial pan-genome.ReviewCurrent opinion in genetics & development · 2005Medini D, Donati C, Tettelin H et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2005.09.006
Advances in genome sequencing reveal changes in gene content that contribute to arthropod macroevolution.ReviewDevelopment genes and evolution · 2023Cheatle Jarvela AM, Wexler JRDOI: 10.1007/s00427-023-00712-y
Cancer genome analysis informatics.ReviewMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2010Barrett IPDOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-367-1_5
Building pan-genome infrastructures for crop plants and their use in association genetics.ReviewDNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2021Jayakodi M, Schreiber M, Stein N et al.DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsaa030
RefSeq microbial genomes database: new representation and annotation strategy.Nucleic acids research · 2014Tatusova T, Ciufo S, Fedorov B et al.DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1274
Ten years of pan-genome analyses.ReviewCurrent opinion in microbiology · 2015Vernikos G, Medini D, Riley DR et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2014.11.016
Fusarium Genome Sequencing and Assembly.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Dvorianinova EM, Dmitriev AA, Melnikova NVDOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4702-8_10

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Wikidata facts

Image: Human karyotype.svg

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Commons category: Genomics

Sources (6)

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~22 min read

Article

25 sections

Contents

Origin of the term
Definition
Nuclear genome
Ploidy
Sequencing and mapping
Viral genomes
Prokaryotic genomes
Eukaryotic genomes
DNA sequencing
Coding sequences
Noncoding sequences
Tandem repeats
Transposable elements
Retrotransposons
DNA transposons
Genome size
Genome size differences due to transposable elements
Genomic alterations
Genome-wide reprogramming
Genome evolution
In fiction
See also
References
Further reading
External links

thumb|An image of the 46 chromosomes making up the diploid genome of a human male (the mitochondrial chromosomes are not shown).

A genome is all the genetic information of an organism or cell. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA), and often a substantial fraction of junk DNA with no evident function. Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome. Algae and plants also contain chloroplasts with a chloroplast genome.