File:Chromosome_DNA_Gene_unannotated.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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gene

Also known as genes

In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA. RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for the synthesis of a protein.

AI overview

A gene is a unit of heredity that contains the instructions for traits passed from parents to offspring, and at the molecular level, it's a specific sequence of DNA that gets copied into RNA. Genes matter because they direct the production of RNA and proteins that control how our bodies develop and function.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

3,791,759 papers

Resurrection from lethal knockouts: Bypass of gene essentiality.ReviewBiochemical and biophysical research communications · 2020Du LLDOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.207
Gene-for-gene complementarity in plant-pathogen interactions.ReviewAnnual review of genetics · 1990Keen NTDOI: 10.1146/annurev.ge.24.120190.002311
Gene expression studies of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR: an overview in insects.ReviewBiotechnology letters · 2018Shakeel M, Rodriguez A, Tahir UB et al.DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2465-4
Essentiality-specific pathogenicity prioritization gene score to improve filtering of disease sequence data.ReviewBriefings in bioinformatics · 2021Alyousfi D, Baralle D, Collins ADOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa029
Machine learning approach to gene essentiality prediction: a review.ReviewBriefings in bioinformatics · 2021Aromolaran O, Aromolaran D, Isewon I et al.DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab128
[Gene expression in brain ischemia].ReviewBrain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo · 2008Yagita Y, Sakoda S, Kitagawa K
Gene Switching and Essentiality Testing.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Brown ACDOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1460-0_13
Gene therapy for lung cancer: practice and promise.ReviewAnnali italiani di chirurgia · 2004Vattemi E, Claudio PP

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Wikidata facts

Image: Gene structure eukaryote 2 annotated.svg

Show 4 more facts

Commons category: Genes
equivalent class: schema.org/Gene
exact match: purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SO_0000704
Stack Exchange tag: bioinformatics.stackexchange.com/tags/gene

Sources (6)

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~42 min read

Article

31 sections

Contents

Definitions
History
Discovery of discrete inherited units
Discovery of DNA
Modern synthesis and its successors
Molecular basis
DNA
Chromosomes
Structure
Complexity
Gene expression
Genetic code
Transcription
Translation
Regulation
RNA genes
Inheritance
Mendelian inheritance
DNA replication and cell division
Molecular inheritance
Genome
Number of genes
Essential genes
Genetic and genomic nomenclature
Genetic engineering
See also
References
Citations
Sources
Further reading
External links

The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits from one generation to the next. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype, that is specific to every given individual, within the gene pool of the population of a given species. The genotype, along with environmental and developmental factors, ultimately determines the phenotype of the individual.