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glyphosate
Sign in to saveAlso known as Phosphonomethylglycine, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
Glyphosate (IUPAC name: '''N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine') is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant. It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP). Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are used to kill weeds, especially annual broadleaf weeds and grasses that compete with crops. American agricultural company Monsanto brought it to market for agricultural use in 1974 under the trade name Roundup''. Monsanto's last commercially relevant United States patent expired in 2000.
Glyphosate is a widely used weedkiller that works by disabling a key plant enzyme, allowing it to kill a broad range of weeds and grasses that interfere with crop growth. Originally introduced by Monsanto in 1974 under the brand name Roundup, it has become a common agricultural chemical since its patent expired in 2000.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Chemical data
- Formula
- C3H8NO5P
- Molecular weight
- 169.07 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- (carboxymethylazaniumyl)methyl-hydroxyphosphinate
- SMILES
- C(C(=O)O)[NH2+]CP(=O)(O)[O-]
- InChIKey
- XDDAORKBJWWYJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- XLogP
- -4.7
- Polar surface area
- 114 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 3
- H-bond acceptors
- 5
- Formal charge
- 0
via PubChem
Research
6,610 papers- The impact and toxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on health and immunity.Journal of immunotoxicology · 2020
- Evolution of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds.Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2021
- Glyphosate contamination in European rivers not from herbicide application?Water research · 2024
- Glyphosate Herbicide: Reproductive Outcomes and Multigenerational Effects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021
- Biomonitoring Equivalents for glyphosate.Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP · 2023
via PubMed
Wikidata facts
- Mass
- 169.014
Show 6 more facts
- Commons category
- Glyphosate
- chemical formula
- C₃H₈NO₅P
- canonical SMILES
- C(C(=O)O)NCP(=O)(O)O
- density
- 1.704
- melting point
- 184.5
- decomposition point
- 187
via Wikidata · CC0
~58 min read
Article
52 sectionsContents
- Discovery
- Chemistry
- Synthesis
- Impurities
- Formulations
- Mode of action
- Uses
- Genetically modified crops
- Environmental fate
- Residues in food products
- Toxicity
- Glyphosate alone
- Humans
- Cancer
- Other mammals
- Aquatic and marine animals
- Antimicrobial activity
- Soil biota
- Endocrine disruption
- Effect on plant health
- Glyphosate-based formulations
- Human
- Aquatic fauna
- Genetic damage
- Government and organization positions
- European Food Safety Authority
- International Agency for Research on Cancer
- Reviews of the EFSA and IARC reports
- US Environmental Protection Agency
- Monsanto response and campaign
- California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
- European Chemicals Agency
- Effects of use
- Emergence of resistant weeds
- Palmer amaranth
- ''Conyza'' species
- Ryegrass
- Johnson grass
- Monarch butterfly populations
- Legal status
- Europe
- European Union
- National level regulation
- Other countries
- Legal cases
- Lawsuits claiming liability for cancer
- Advertising controversies
- Trade dumping allegations
- Misinformation
- See also
- References
- External links
Glyphosate (IUPAC name: '''N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine') is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant. It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP). Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are used to kill weeds, especially annual broadleaf weeds and grasses that compete with crops. American agricultural company Monsanto brought it to market for agricultural use in 1974 under the trade name Roundup''. Monsanto's last commercially relevant United States patent expired in 2000.
Farmers quickly adopted glyphosate for agricultural weed control, especially after Monsanto introduced glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready crops, enabling farmers to kill weeds without killing their crops. In 2007, glyphosate was the most used herbicide in the United States' agricultural sector and the second-most used (after 2,4-D) in home and garden, government and industry, and commercial applications. From the late 1970s to 2016, there was a 100-fold increase in the frequency and volume of application of GBHs worldwide, with further increases expected in the future.