gold

Also known as element 79

Gold is a chemical element; its chemical symbol is Au (from Latin ) and atomic number 79. In its pure form, it is a bright-metallic-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal, a group 11 element, and one of the noble metals. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, being the second lowest in the reactivity series, with only platinum ranked as less reactive. Gold is solid under standard conditions.

AI overview

Gold is a bright yellow metal with the chemical symbol Au that is soft, bendable, and very unreactive compared to other elements. It matters because these properties—particularly its resistance to corrosion and its malleability—make it useful for applications where durability and workability are important.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Au
Molecular weight: 196.96657 g/mol
IUPAC name: gold
SMILES: [Au]
InChIKey: PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

294,507 papers

Gold-based therapy: From past to present.ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Balfourier A, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Luciani N et al.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007285117
nanoGold and µGold inhibit autoimmune inflammation: a review.ReviewHistochemistry and cell biology · 2023Danscher G, Rasmussen SDOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02182-9
Gold nephropathy.ReviewNephron · 1988Hall CLDOI: 10.1159/000185185
GOLD: human exposure and update on toxic risks.ReviewCritical reviews in toxicology · 2018Lansdown ABGDOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1513991
The gold complexes.ReviewBailliere's clinical rheumatology · 1990Champion GD, Graham GG, Ziegler JBDOI: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80005-6
Chiral Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Potential Applications.ReviewChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2021Jouhannet R, Dagorne S, Blanc A et al.DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100415
Gold contact allergy: clues and controversies.ReviewDermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug · 2015Chen JK, Lampel HPDOI: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000101
Gold.Nature · 2013Brody HDOI: 10.1038/495S1a

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Mass: 196.96657
Image: Gold-crystals.jpg

Show 27 more facts

atomic number: 79
Commons category: Gold
element symbol: Au
chemical formula: Au
canonical SMILES: [Au]
specific heat capacity: 129.1
thermal conductivity: 295
Commons gallery: Gold
boiling point: 5378
time of discovery or invention: 6000-00-00
Mohs' hardness: 2.5
melting point: 1064.18
price: 5599.90
speed of sound: 2030
ultimate tensile strength: 120
tensile modulus of elasticity: 78
Poisson's ratio: 0.4
thermal diffusivity: 127
Thomson Reuters Business Classification: 51201060
electrical conductivity: 45200000
OpenStreetMap tag: resource=gold
Unicode character: 金
electronegativity: 2.54
total produced: 3300
ionic radius: 0.85
density: 19320
2022 Harmonized System Code: 710812

Sources (14)

via Wikidata · CC0

~55 min read

Article

32 sections

Contents

Etymology
Characteristics
Color
Isotopes
Synthesis
Chemistry
Rare oxidation states
Origin
Gold and platinum production in the universe
Asteroid origin theories
Mantle return theories
Occurrence
Seawater
History
Production
Mining and prospecting
Extraction and refining
Recycling
Pollution
Monetary use
Price
Other applications
Jewelry
Electronics
Medicine
Cuisine
Miscellanea
Toxicity
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Gold often occurs as the free element (native state), as nuggets or grains, in rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as in electrum), naturally alloyed with other metals such as copper, platinum, and palladium, as well as mineral inclusions such as within pyrite. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium (gold tellurides).