lysosome

Also known as GO:0005764, lysosomes

A lysosome () is a membrane-bound organelle that is found in all animal cells (except red blood cells), and rarely in plant cells. There are normally hundreds of lysosomes in the cytosol, where they function as the cell's degradation center. Their primary responsibility is for catabolic degradation of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids into their respective building-block molecules: amino acids, monosaccharides, and free fatty acids. The breakdown is done by various enzymes, for example proteases, glycosidases and lipases.

AI overview

A lysosome is a small, membrane-enclosed structure found inside most animal cells that acts as the cell's "recycling center" by breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into smaller building blocks. This process matters because it allows cells to reuse these basic components and maintain themselves by cleaning up and disposing of waste materials.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

110,984 papers

Lysosome biogenesis: Regulation and functions.ReviewThe Journal of cell biology · 2021Yang C, Wang XDOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102001
Lysosome biogenesis and lysosomal membrane proteins: trafficking meets function.ReviewNature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2009Saftig P, Klumperman JDOI: 10.1038/nrm2745
Mitochondria-lysosome contacts regulate mitochondrial fission via RAB7 GTP hydrolysis.Nature · 2018Wong YC, Ysselstein D, Krainc DDOI: 10.1038/nature25486
Mitochondria-lysosome contact site dynamics and misregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.ReviewTrends in neurosciences · 2022Cisneros J, Belton TB, Shum GC et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.01.005
Lysosome quality control in health and neurodegenerative diseases.ReviewCellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Ferrari V, Tedesco B, Cozzi M et al.DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00633-2
Mitochondria-lysosome contacts regulate mitochondrial Ca(2+) dynamics via lysosomal TRPML1.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Peng W, Wong YC, Krainc DDOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003236117
The lysosome as an imperative regulator of autophagy and cell death.ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Mahapatra KK, Mishra SR, Behera BP et al.DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03988-3
Lysosome: The metabolic signaling hub.ReviewTraffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2019Lamming DW, Bar-Peled LDOI: 10.1111/tra.12617

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Wikidata facts

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exact match: purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0005764

Sources (4)

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~17 min read

Article

12 sections

Contents

Discovery
Function and structure
Lysosomal degradation pathways
Formation
Pathogen entry
Clinical significance
Lysosomotropism
Systemic lupus erythematosus (Lupus)
Different types of enzymes present in lysosomes
See also
References
External links

With an acidic lumen limited by a single-bilayer lipid membrane, the lysosome holds an environment isolated from the rest of the cell. The lower pH creates optimal conditions for the over 60 different hydrolases inside.