narcolepsy

Also known as paroxysmal sleep, Narcolepsy, without cataplexy

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Key facts

Medical condition (new).name: Narcolepsy
Medical condition (new).image: 1R02 crystallography.png
Medical condition (new).caption: The concentration of orexin-A neuropeptides in the cerebrospinal fluid of narcoleptic individuals is usually very low
Medical condition (new).field: Sleep medicine, neurology
Medical condition (new).symptoms: Excessive daytime sleepiness, involuntary sleep episodes, sudden loss of muscle strength, hallucinations
Medical condition (new).complications: Motor vehicle collisions, falls
Medical condition (new).onset: Adolescence
Medical condition (new).duration: Lifelong
Medical condition (new).causes: Orexin deficiency
Medical condition (new).risks: Family history, brain injury
Medical condition (new).diagnosis: Based on the symptoms and sleep studies
Medical condition (new).differential: Sleep apnea, major depressive disorder, anemia, heart failure, drinking alcohol, idiopathic hypersomnia, sleep deprivation, Kleine-Levin syndrome
Medical condition (new).treatment: Medication, regular short naps, sleep hygiene
Medical condition (new).medication: Stimulants (modafinil, pitolisant, solriamfetol, methylphenidate, amphetamine), sodium oxybate, mixed oxybate salts, serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Medical condition (new).frequency: 0.2 to 600 per 100,000

via Wikipedia infobox

Research

7,374 papers

Narcolepsy.ReviewThe New England journal of medicine · 2015Scammell TEDOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1500587
Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia.ReviewSleep medicine clinics · 2023Blattner M, Maski KDOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.01.003
Narcolepsy: Beyond the Classic Pentad.ReviewCNS drugs · 2025Morse AM, Kim SY, Harris S et al.DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01141-9
Narcolepsy.ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers · 2017Kornum BR, Knudsen S, Ollila HM et al.DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.100
Narcolepsy.ReviewSouthern medical journal · 2003Feldman NTDOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000056655.15660.42
Narcolepsy.ReviewThe Nursing clinics of North America · 2002Rogers AE, Dreher HMDOI: 10.1016/s0029-6465(02)00035-x
Narcolepsy.ReviewThe New England journal of medicine · 1973Zarcone VDOI: 10.1056/NEJM197305312882205
Narcolepsy type 1: what have we learned from genetics?ReviewSleep · 2020Ollila HMDOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa099

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Image: 1R02 crystallography.png

Show 4 more facts

Commons category: Narcolepsy
NCI Thesaurus ID: C84489
equivalent class: purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_8986
exact match: identifiers.org/doid/DOID:8986

Sources (7)

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~35 min read

Article

28 sections

Contents

Signs and symptoms
Causes
Genetics
H1N1 influenza
Pathophysiology
Loss of neurons
Disturbed sleep states
Diagnosis
Tests
Treatment
Orexin replacement
Behavioral
Medications
Children
Epidemiology
Society and culture
Name
Research
GABA-directed medications
Flumazenil
Clarithromycin
Orexin receptor agonists
L-carnitine
Animal models
Dog models
Rodent models
References
External links

Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. The symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. People with narcolepsy typically have poor quality of sleep.

There are two recognized forms of narcolepsy: type 1 and type 2. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) can be clinically characterized by symptoms of EDS and cataplexy, and/or will have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin levels of less than 110 pg/ml. Cataplexy is transient episodes of aberrant muscle tone, most typically loss of muscle tone, that may be associated with strong emotion. In pediatric-onset narcolepsy, active motor phenomena are not uncommon. Cataplexy may be mistaken for syncope, tics, or seizures. Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2) does not have features of cataplexy, and CSF orexin levels are normal. Sleep-related hallucinations, both hypnagogic (going to sleep) and hypnopompic (on awakening), are vivid hallucinations that can be auditory, visual, or tactile and may occur independent of or in combination with an inability to move (sleep paralysis).