File:White_Fuming_Nitric_Acid.png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
nitric acid
Sign in to saveAlso known as spirit of niter, fuming nitric acid, aqua fortis, engraver's acid, hydrogen nitrate, HONO2, HNO3, HNO₃
strong, oxidising mineral acid
OverviewAI-generated
Nitric acid is a chemical compound with the formula HNO₃. It has a molar mass of 62.995643 and a density of 1.5. The substance melts at -44 or -41.6 degrees and boils at 181 degrees. Its vapor pressure is 48, and it possesses an electric dipole moment of 2.17. The standard enthalpy of formation is -174.1, while the molar enthalpy of vaporization is 39.1.
Safety guidelines indicate that the immediately dangerous to life or health concentration is 64.5. The time-weighted average exposure limit is 5, and the short-term exposure limit is 10. The compound has a pKa of -1.64 and an ionization energy of 11.95. It contains one hydrogen bond donor and three hydrogen bond acceptors. The refractive index is 1.397, and the xlogp value is 0.2.
Synthesized by Vinony from 33 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.
Chemical data
- Formula
- HNO3
- Molecular weight
- 63.013 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- nitric acid
- SMILES
- [N+](=O)(O)[O-]
- InChIKey
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- XLogP
- 0.2
- Polar surface area
- 66.1 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 1
- H-bond acceptors
- 3
- Formal charge
- 0
via PubChem
Research
80,588 papers- Electrochemical Synthesis of Nitric Acid from Nitrogen Oxidation.ReviewAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2022Wang Y, Li T, Yu Y et al.DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115409
- Nitric acid recycling and copper nitrate recovery from effluent.ReviewEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2014Jô LF, Marcus R, Marcelin ODOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2724-z
- Nitric acid oxidation and urea modification of carbon fibres as biofilm carriers.Environmental technology · 2024Liu Q, Shao L, Liu Z et al.DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2220890
- Nitric acid.The Homoeopathic recorder · 1948UNDERHILL E Jr
- Nitric acid-modified biochar enhances saline-alkali soil remediation and cotton growth via regulating soil-plant homeostasis.Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB · 2025Xia X, Wang X, Riaz M et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110722
- Combined acute inhalation of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid: a case report and literature review.ReviewActa clinica Belgica · 2017Steverlynck L, Baert N, Buylaert W et al.DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2016.1229840
- Controlled chemical transformation of lignin by nitric acid treatment and carbonization.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2024Karnitski A, Natarajan L, Lee YJ et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136408
- Making Yellows Last with Nitric Acid: Exploring Colour Permanence in Art and Knowledge, 1600-1850.Ambix · 2024Bol M, Montanari GDOI: 10.1080/00026980.2024.2311462
via PubMed
Wikidata facts
- Subclass of
- monoprotic acid
- Has part
- hydrogen
- Mass
- 62.995643
- Image
- Acido nitrico fumante.jpg
- Has use
- nitration
Show 22 more facts
- immediately dangerous to life or health
- 64.5
- Commons category
- Nitric acid
- melting point
- -41.6
- chemical formula
- HNO₃
- density
- 1.5
- boiling point
- 83
- NIOSH Pocket Guide ID
- 0447
- vapor pressure
- 48
- ionization energy
- 11.95
- time-weighted average exposure limit
- 5
- short-term exposure limit
- 10
- canonical SMILES
- [N+](=O)(O)[O-]
- electric dipole moment
- 2.17
- standard enthalpy of formation
- -174.1
- molar fusion enthalpy
- 10.47
- molar enthalpy of vaporization
- 39.1
- pKa
- -1.64
- refractive index
- 1.397
- subject has role
- strong acid
- MCN code
- 2808.00.10
- fabrication method
- Ostwald process
- on focus list of Wikimedia project
- Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4
via Wikidata · CC0
~25 min read
Encyclopedic overview
Names
IUPAC name Nitric acid
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “nitric acid” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.
Gallery (12)
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