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File:Novalis-1.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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Novalis

Also known as Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg, Friedrich von Hardenberg

Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (2 May 1772 – 25 March 1801), better known by his pen name Novalis (; ), was a German aristocrat and polymath, who was a poet, novelist, philosopher and mystic. He is regarded as an influential figure of Jena Romanticism.

OverviewAI-generated

Novalis, born Georg Friedrich Philipp von Hardenberg in 1772, was a German poet, lyricist, philosopher, and engineer. A figure in German Romanticism, he wrote in German and was educated at Leipzig University, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, University of Wittenberg, and Freiberg University of Mining and Technology. His notable works include *Hymns and thoughts on religion*, *Geinrikh fon Ofterdingen*, *Fragmente*, and *Twelve of the spiritual songs of Novalis*. He was a Lutheran of German ethnicity.

He died of natural causes due to bleeding from tuberculosis in Weißenfels on March 25, 1801, having been born in Wiederstedt. His writings have been described by sources such as the *Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie*, *Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary*, *Encyclopædia Britannica* 11th edition, and *The Nuttall Encyclopædia*. He is also known for the quote, "Only the most perfect human being can design the most perfect philosophy."

Synthesized by Vinony from 41 facts across 8 sources: Wikidata, Crossref, Open Library, MusicBrainz, Last.fm, Wikiquote, Europeana Sparql, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Person · Open Library

Born: 1772
Died: 1801
Works: 160

Top works

Hymns and thoughts on religion
Geinrikh fon Ofterdingen
Novalis
Fragmente
Twelve of the spiritual songs of Novalis [pseud.].

via Open Library + Wikidata

Music · MusicBrainz

Type: Person
Gender: Male
Origin: Germany
Active from: 1772
Active to: 1801

art rockkrautrockprogressive rocksymphonic prog

Discogs

via MusicBrainz · CC0

Listeners · Last.fm

Listeners: 21,302
Total plays: 259,196

Key facts

Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.name: Novalis
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.image: Novalis-1.jpg
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.caption: 1799 portrait
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.pseudonym: Novalis
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.birth_name: Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.birth_place: Wiederstedt, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.death_place: Weissenfels, Electorate of Saxony
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.alma_mater: University of JenaLeipzig UniversityUniversity of WittenbergMining Academy of Freiberg
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.occupation: Writer, philosopher, poet, aristocrat, mystic, mineralogist, civil engineer
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.nationality: German
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.period: 1791–1801
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.movement: Jena Romanticism
Writer <! for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] >.signature: Novalis Signature.png

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Instance of: human
Given name: Friedrich
Gender: male
Citizenship: Electorate of Saxony
Place of birth: Wiederstedt
Place of death: Weißenfels
Occupation: writer
Educated at: Freiberg University of Mining and Technology
Languages spoken: German
Religion: Lutheranism
Notable work: Hymns to the Night
Noble title: baron
Student of: Abraham Gottlob Werner
Movement: Romantic literature
Image: Novalis-1.jpg

Show 19 more facts

Commons category: Novalis
cause of death: bleeding
date of birth: 1772-05-02
date of death: 1801-03-25
topic's main category: Category:Novalis
medical condition: tuberculosis
described by source: New International Encyclopedia
birth name: Georg Friedrich Philipp von Hardenberg
manner of death: natural causes
Commons gallery: Novalis
name in native language: Novalis
pseudonym: Novalis
ethnic group: Germans
writing language: German
P8168: Theodor W. Adorno
has works in the collection: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
maintained by WikiProject: WikiProject Mathematics
P12749: Savagnier
Commons Creator page: Novalis

Sources (7)

via Wikidata · CC0

Works in European collections

24 objects attributed to Novalis, held across European museums, libraries & archives · via Europeana

~46 min read

Encyclopedic overview

23 sections

Contents

Biography
Birth and early background
Jena, Leipzig, Wittenberg: legal studies
Tennstedt: Relationship with Sophie von Kühn
Freiberg: The Mining Academy
Weissenfels: The final years
Legacy
As romantic poet
As philosophical thinker
Magical idealism
Religious views
Writings
Poetry
Unfinished novels
Fragments
Political writings
Collected and miscellaneous works in English
Collected works (in German)
Influence
References
Sources
Further reading
External links

Novalis was born into a minor aristocratic family in Electoral Saxony. He was the second of eleven children; his early household observed a strict Pietist faith. He studied law at the University of Jena, the University of Leipzig, and the University of Wittenberg. While at Jena, he published his first poem and befriended the playwright and fellow poet Friedrich Schiller. In Leipzig, he then met Friedrich Schlegel, becoming lifelong friends. Novalis completed his law degree in 1794 at the age of 22. He then worked as a legal assistant in Tennstedt immediately after graduating. There, he met Sophie von Kühn. The following year Novalis and Sophie became secretly engaged. Sophie became severely ill soon after the engagement and died just after her 15th birthday. Sophie's early death had a life-long impact on Novalis and his writing.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Novalis” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

Novalis