Osteichthyes
Also known as bony fish
Osteichthyes ( ; ), also known as osteichthyans or commonly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse clade of vertebrate animals that have endoskeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, encompassing both the conventional bony fishes and, in a cladistic sense, all tetrapods. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and the extinct placoderms and acanthodians, which have endoskeletons primarily composed of cartilage. The vast majority of extant fish are members of Osteichthyes, being an extremely diverse and abundant group consisting of 45 orders, over 435 families
AI overview
Osteichthyes, commonly known as bony fish, are a diverse group of vertebrates with skeletons made primarily of bone rather than cartilage, and they represent the vast majority of fish species alive today. This group is important because it includes over 435 families across 45 different orders, making it one of the most abundant and varied groups of vertebrate animals on Earth.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
beenvissen
Parvphylum
- PhylumChordata
Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater
硬骨鱼（学名：Osteichthyes）是鱼类的一个主要类别，大部分鱼类属于硬骨鱼类，广义的硬骨鱼类也包括了陆生脊椎动物。其分类层级随着研究而不断调整，先后有“纲”、“总纲”及“高纲”等级别[1]。硬骨鱼包括肉鳍鱼和辐鳍鱼两大类。 目录 1 演化 2 特征 3 分类 3.1 輻鰭魚 3.2 肉鰭魚 3.3 种系发生学 4 参见 5 参考文献 6 外部链接 演化 硬骨鱼最早出现在4.2亿年前的志留纪晚期，并繁衍至今。 特征 骨骼多为硬骨，身体被硬鳞、圆鳞或栉鳞，有时裸露无鳞；無鳃裂，外被一骨质鳃盖；一般具有鳔。大多是体外受精，卵生，少数为卵胎生。 分类 在旧有的分类学里，硬骨鱼并不包括四足类的陆生脊椎动物，然而，由于四足类演化自肉鳍魚类，如此，從支序分類的角度，传统定义中硬骨魚便成了並系群，而包括輻鰭魚和肉鰭魚以下的硬骨脊椎動物（Euteleostomi）则可構成一個單系群。为了解决这个问题，一些分类学家将硬骨鱼类的范围延伸，使之涵盖了所有四足类，构成一个与硬骨脊椎动物等义的单系群[2]。 輻鰭魚 輻鰭魚总綱 Actinopterygii，占现代鱼类的90%以上。鳍条呈辐射状。 肉鰭魚 肉鰭魚总綱 Sarcopterygii，的鱼鳍中有一个中轴骨，在前鳍的基部上有明显的肌肉组织与分开的两片腹鳍，和之后两栖动物和四足类动物的演化有直接的关联性。 肉鳍鱼总綱之下包括腔棘魚綱（Coelacanthimorpha）及扇鳍纲（Rhipidistia）（=肺鱼四足纲 Dipnotetrapodomorpha）[1]。扇鳍纲又分为肺魚亞綱和四足形亞綱。 种系发生学 硬骨鱼高纲之下各纲的演化关系如下[2][1][3]： 硬骨鱼高纲 Osteichthyes 辐鳍鱼总纲 Actinopterygii 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri 新鳍亚纲 Neopterygii 真骨下纲 Teleostei 全骨下纲 Holostei 软质亚纲 Chondroste 腕鳍鱼纲 Cladistia 肉鳍鱼总纲 Sarcopterygii 肺鱼四足纲 Dipnotetrapodomorpha 肺鱼亚纲 Dipnomorpha 四足形亚纲 Tetrapodomorpha 腔棘魚綱 Coelacanthimorpha 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes （外类群） 参见 软骨鱼 参考文献 ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Betancur-R, R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, and G. Ortí. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes --Version 3 (存档副本. [2015-08-09]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-14）.). ^ 2.0 2.1 Beta
via
Article
9 sectionsContents
- Characteristics
- Classification
- Phylogeny
- Biology
- Examples
- Comparison with cartilaginous fishes
- See also
- References
- Sources
Osteichthyes ( ; ), also known as osteichthyans or commonly referred to as the bony fish, is a diverse clade of vertebrate animals that have endoskeletons primarily composed of bone tissue, encompassing both the conventional bony fishes and, in a cladistic sense, all tetrapods. They can be contrasted with the Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and the extinct placoderms and acanthodians, which have endoskeletons primarily composed of cartilage. The vast majority of extant fish are members of Osteichthyes, being an extremely diverse and abundant group consisting of 45 orders, over 435 families and 28,000 species.
The group is divided into two main clades, the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii, which makes up the vast majority of extant fish) and the lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii, which gave rise to all land vertebrates). The oldest known fossils of bony fish are about 436 million years old from the early Silurian period, which are also transitional fossils showing a tooth pattern that is in between the tooth rows of sharks and true bony fishes. Despite the name, these early basal bony fish had not yet evolved ossification and their skeletons were still mostly cartilaginous, and the main distinguishing feature that set them apart from other fish clades were the development of foregut pouches that eventually evolved into the swim bladders and lungs, respectively.