protein

Also known as proteid, proteins

thumb|A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices. This protein was the first to have its structure solved by [[X-ray crystallography. Toward the right-center among the coils, a prosthetic group called a heme group (shown in gray) with a bound oxygen molecule (red).]]

AI overview

Proteins are complex molecules made up of chains of smaller building blocks that fold into specific three-dimensional shapes, which determine what they do in living things. They are essential to life because their shapes allow them to perform critical functions, such as carrying oxygen in the blood, as shown by the myoglobin protein in the image.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Research

9,161,221 papers

Dysregulation of Protein S in COVID-19.ReviewBest practice & research. Clinical haematology · 2022Sim MMS, Wood JPDOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2022.101376
Anticoagulant protein S-New insights on interactions and functions.ReviewJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2020Gierula M, Ahnström JDOI: 10.1111/jth.15025
Protein S deficiency.ReviewThrombosis and haemostasis · 1997Borgel D, Gandrille S, Aiach M
Protein S as a therapeutic target.ReviewJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Prince Eladnani R, Diab R, Angelillo-Scherrer ADOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2025.10.024
Protein S in preventing thrombosis.Aging · 2019Fricke DR, Chatterjee S, Majumder RDOI: 10.18632/aging.101798
Functions of TAM Receptors and Ligands Protein S and Gas6 in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease.ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Prouse T, Majumder S, Majumder RDOI: 10.3390/ijms252312736
Deficiency of protein C or protein S as a possible cause of osteoporosis.ReviewEndocrine · 2024Cirovic A, Djuric M, Milovanovic PDOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03774-8
Protein S abnormalities: a diagnostic nightmare.ReviewAmerican journal of hematology · 2011Marlar RA, Gausman JNDOI: 10.1002/ajh.21992

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Wikidata facts

Image: Protein mosaic.jpg

Show 4 more facts

Commons category: Proteins
equivalent class: schema.org/Protein
exact match: gbol.life/0.1/Protein
Stack Exchange tag: biology.stackexchange.com/tags/proteins

Sources (4)

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~47 min read

Article

34 sections

Contents

History and etymology
Discovery and early studies
Polypeptides
Structure
Classification
Biochemistry
Abundance in cells
Synthesis
Biosynthesis
Chemical synthesis
Structure
Protein domains
Sequence motif
Cellular functions
Enzymes
Cell signaling and ligand binding
Structural proteins
Methods of study
Protein purification
Cellular localization
Proteomics
Structure determination
Structure prediction
In silico simulation of dynamical processes
Chemical analysis
Digestion
Mechanical properties
Viscosity
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Databases and projects
Tutorials and educational websites

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity.