Q11368

Also known as UnICS, Uniplexed Information and Computing System, Uniplexed Information and Computing Service

Unix (, ; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, the development of which started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others. Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), Sun Microsystems (SunOS/Solaris), HP/HPE (HP-UX), and IBM (AIX).

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Key facts

OS.name: Unix
OS.logo: UNIX logo.svg
OS.logo_alt: Unix logo with text: UNIX® An Open Group Standard
OS.logo_size: 220px
OS.screenshot: Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png
OS.screenshot_size: 250px
OS.caption: UNIX System III running on a PDP-11 simulator
OS.developer: Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna at Bell Labs
OS.programmed_in: C and assembly language
OS.family: Unix
OS.source_model: Historically proprietary software, while some Unix projects (including BSD family and Illumos) are open-source and historical Unix source code is archived.
OS.released: Development started in 1969First manual published internally in Announced outside Bell Labs in
OS.language: English
OS.kernel_type: Varies; monolithic, microkernel, hybrid
OS.influenced_by: CTSS, Multics
OS.ui: Command-line interface and Graphical (Wayland and X Window System; Android SurfaceFlinger; macOS Quartz)
OS.license: Varies; some versions are proprietary, others are free/libre or open-source software

via Wikipedia infobox

Wikidata facts

Official website: www.opengroup.org/unix-systems
Image: Simh-pdp11-unix-sysiii.png

Show 4 more facts

Commons category: Unix
Stack Exchange tag: unix.stackexchange.com/tags/historical-unix
inception: 1969-00-00
publication date: 1969-00-00

Sources (4)

via Wikidata · CC0

~30 min read

Article

12 sections

Contents

Overview
History
Standards
Components
Impact
Free Unix and Unix-like variants
ARPANET
Branding
See also
References
Further reading
External links

The early versions of Unix, which are retrospectively referred to as "Research Unix", ran on computers such as the PDP-11 and VAX; Unix was commonly used on minicomputers and mainframes from the 1970s onwards. It distinguished itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language (in 1973), which allows Unix to operate on numerous platforms. Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the "Unix philosophy". According to this philosophy, the operating system should provide a set of simple tools, each of which performs a limited, well-defined function. A unified and inode-based filesystem and an inter-process communication mechanism known as "pipes" serve as the main means of communication, and a shell scripting and command language (the Unix shell) is used to combine the tools to perform complex workflows.