Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe. Adults are rarely affected.
Rotavirus is the leading cause of diarrheal disease in infants and young children worldwide, with nearly every child infected at least once by age five. While immunity strengthens after each infection—making subsequent cases less severe—adults are rarely affected by the virus.
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Rotavirus
GENUS
维基百科中的醫療相关内容仅供参考,詳見醫學聲明。如需专业意见请咨询专业人士。 輪狀病毒 輪狀病毒的電子顯微鏡影像黑線長度 = 100 nm 病毒分類 組: Group III(dsRNA) 目: 未定 科: 呼腸孤病毒科 Reoviridae 亞科: Sedoreovirinae 屬: 輪狀病毒屬 Rotavirus 種 輪狀病毒A種(Rotavirus A,RV-A) 輪狀病毒B種(Rotavirus B,RV-B) 輪狀病毒C種(Rotavirus C,RV-C) 輪狀病毒D種(Rotavirus D,RV-D) 輪狀病毒E種(Rotavirus E,RV-E) 輪狀病毒F種(Rotavirus F,RV-F) 輪狀病毒G種(Rotavirus G,RV-G) 輪狀病毒H種(Rotavirus H,RV-H) 輪狀病毒(Rotavirus,簡稱RV)是一種雙鏈核糖核酸病毒,屬于呼腸孤病毒科。它是引起嬰幼兒腹瀉的最常見原因[1],幾乎世界上小孩在大約五歲時都曾感染過輪狀病毒至少一次[2]。然而,每一次感染后人体免疫力會逐漸增強,因此之後再次感染的影响就会减轻[3],到成人階段就很少受其影響[4]。輪狀病毒總共有八個種,以英文字母編號為A、B、C、D、E、F、G與H。其中,A種是最為常見的一種,超過90%人類輪狀病毒感染是由該種造成。 輪狀病毒是藉由糞口途徑傳染的。它會感染與小腸壁上的腸黏膜細胞(英语:enterocyte)並且產生腸毒素(enterotoxin),腸毒素會引起腸胃炎,導致嚴重的腹瀉,有時候甚至會因為脫水而導致死亡。雖然輪狀病毒於1973年就被由澳洲的露絲·畢夏普(英语:Ruth Bishop)所發現[5],而且造成嬰兒與幼兒總計超過50%以上因為嚴重腹瀉而住院治療的案例[6],但是在公共衛生社群中它仍然沒有被廣泛地重視,特別是在發展中國家更是如此[7]。除了對人類健康的影響之外,輪狀病毒也會感染動物,是家畜的病原体之一[8]。 輪狀病毒的治療並不複雜,但每年仍有超過450,000名五歲以下的嬰幼兒因為輪狀病毒的感染而死亡[9],而且每年有幾乎兩百萬以上的兒童因此患重病[7]。在美國實施疫苗施打計畫之前,輪狀病毒每年造成270萬個兒童嚴重腸胃炎的案例,有近60,000名兒童需住院治療,並且每年平均有37個死亡案例[10]。對付輪狀病毒的方式著重於使用口服补液盐,並且以疫苗接種來防止這種疾病的發生[11]。在疫苗施打實施之後,輪狀病毒的病例即大幅減少[12][13]。 目录 1 症狀及徵象 2 傳染途徑 3 致病機轉 4 診斷與檢測 5 治療與癒後 6 流行病學 7 預防方法 8 動物的感染 9 病毒學 9.1 輪狀病毒的種類 9.2 結構 9.3 蛋白質 9.3.1 結構性蛋白 9.3.2 病毒的非結構性蛋白 9.4 複製 10 發現歷史 1
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Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe. Adults are rarely affected.
The virus is transmitted by the faecal–oral route. It infects and damages the cells that line the small intestine and causes gastroenteritis. Although rotavirus was discovered in 1973 by Ruth Bishop and her colleagues by electron micrograph images and accounts for about one-third of hospitalisations for severe diarrhoea in infants and children, its importance has historically been underestimated within the public health community, particularly in developing countries. In addition to its impact on human health, rotavirus also infects other animals, and is a pathogen of livestock.
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Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).