Thioredoxin
Sign in to saveAlso known as TXN delta 3, testicular tissue protein Li 199, thioredoxin delta 3, TXN, ATL-derived factor, ADF, SASP
Thioredoxin (TRX or TXN) is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms. It plays a role in many important biological processes, including redox signaling. In humans, thioredoxins are encoded by TXN and TXN2 genes. Loss-of-function mutation of either of the two human thioredoxin genes is lethal at the four-cell stage of the developing embryo. Although not entirely understood, thioredoxin is linked to medicine through their response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In plants, thioredoxins regulate a spectrum of critical functions, ranging from photosynthesis to growth,
Protein · UniProt
Thioredoxin
- Gene
- TXN
- Organism
- Homo sapiens (Human)
- Length
- 105 aa
- Molecular mass
- 11,737 Da
- Evidence
- 1: Evidence at protein level
Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (PubMed:17182577, PubMed:19032234, PubMed:2176490). Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity (PubMed:16408020, PubMed:17606900). Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiatio…
Swiss-Prot (reviewed) · via UniProt
Clinical Trials
8 registered- PHASE4UNKNOWNthe Effect of Vitamin D on the Serum Thioredoxin, TBP-2, Thioredoxin Reductase, Gene Expression of TBP-2 in Patients With Type II DiabetesTehran University of Medical Sciences · NCT01876563
- COMPLETEDGingival TrxR1 Expression in Periodontal Health and PeriodontitisAtaturk University · NCT07598942
- COMPLETEDCorrelation Research of Thioredoxin Reductase in Lung CancerHunan Province Tumor Hospital · NCT01985113
- COMPLETEDEarly Warning Study of Serum Thioredoixn Reductase Activity in Excised Non-small Cell Lung Cancers (EWSOTRILC)Hunan Province Tumor Hospital · NCT01991418
- COMPLETEDA Role for RAGE/TXNIP/Inflammasome Axis in Alveolar Macrophage Activation During ARDS (RIAMA): a Proof-of-concept Clinical StudyUniversity Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand · NCT02545621
- PHASE1RECRUITINGA Phase 1 Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of TIX100 in Healthy SubjectsTIXiMED, Inc. · NCT06800729
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Article
11 sectionsContents
- Occurrence
- Function
- Structure and mechanism
- Interactions
- Effect on cardiac hypertrophy
- Thioredoxin in skin care
- Thioredoxin-Like Proteins
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Thioredoxin (TRX or TXN) is a class of small redox proteins known to be present in all organisms. It plays a role in many important biological processes, including redox signaling. In humans, thioredoxins are encoded by TXN and TXN2 genes. Loss-of-function mutation of either of the two human thioredoxin genes is lethal at the four-cell stage of the developing embryo. Although not entirely understood, thioredoxin is linked to medicine through their response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In plants, thioredoxins regulate a spectrum of critical functions, ranging from photosynthesis to growth, flowering and the development and germination of seeds. Thioredoxins play a role in cell-to-cell communication.
==Occurrence== They are found in nearly all known organisms and are essential for life in mammals.