4th-century BC Greek people

Isocrates (; ; 436–338 BC) was an ancient Greek rhetorician, one of the ten Attic orators. Among the most influential Greek rhetoricians of his time, Isocrates made many contributions to rhetoric and education through his teaching and written works.

Pytheas of Massalia (; Ancient Greek: Πυθέας ὁ Μασσαλιώτης Pythéās ho Massaliōtēs; Latin: Pytheas Massiliensis; born 350 BC, 320–306 BC) was a Greek geographer, explorer and astronomer from the Greek colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille, France). He made a voyage of exploration to Northern Europe in about 325 BC, but his account of it, known widely in antiquity, has not survived and is now known only through the writings of others.

thumb|Stater of the Boeotian League minted 364–362 BC by Epaminondas, whose name EΠ-AMI is inscribed on the reverse Epaminondas (; ; 419/411–362 BC) was a Greek general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a pre-eminent position in Greek politics called the Theban Hegemony. In the process, he broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots, a group of Peloponnesian Greeks who had been enslaved under Spartan rule for some 230 years following their defeat

thumb||alt=Herostratus portrait

Apelles of Kos (; ; fl. 4th century BC) was a renowned painter of ancient Greece. Pliny the Elder, to whom much of modern scholars' knowledge of this artist is owed (Naturalis Historia 35.36.79–97 and passim), rated him superior to preceding and subsequent artists. He dated Apelles to the 112th Olympiad (332–329 BC), possibly because he had produced a portrait of Alexander the Great.

Olympias (; c. 375–316 BC) was an ancient Greek princess of the Molossians, the eldest daughter of King Neoptolemus I of Epirus, and the sister of Alexander I of Epirus. She was the mother of Alexander the Great by Philip II, king of Macedonia. She was extremely influential in Alexander's life and was recognized as de facto leader of Macedon during his conquests.

Lysias (; ; c. 445 – c. 380 BC) was an Athenian logographer and one of the ten Attic orators later canonized by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace. He wrote speeches for litigants across a wide range of public and private actions during the late fifth and early fourth centuries BC, with thirty-four transmitted in the medieval corpus and many others known by title or fragment. Ancient critics, especially Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and modern scholarship identify Lysias as an exemplar of the plain style, emphasizing idiomatic diction, character-appropriate voice, and concis

Perdiccas (, Perdikkas; 355BC – 320BC) was a Macedonian general, successor of Alexander the Great, and the regent of Alexander's empire after his death. When Alexander was dying, he entrusted his signet ring to Perdiccas. Initially the most pre-eminent of the successors, Perdiccas effectively ruled Alexander's increasingly unstable empire from Babylon for three years until his assassination, as the kings he ruled for were incapable.

Nearchus or Nearchos (; – 300 BC) was one of the Greek officers, a navarch, in the army of Alexander the Great. He is known for his celebrated expeditionary voyage starting from the Indus River, through the Persian Gulf and ending at the mouth of the Tigris River following the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great, in 326–324 BC.

Eumenes (; ; ) was a Greek general, satrap, and Successor of Alexander the Great. He participated in the Wars of Alexander the Great, serving as Alexander's personal secretary and later on as a battlefield commander. Eumenes depicted himself as a lifelong loyalist of Alexander's dynasty and championed the cause of the Macedonian Argead royal house.

thumb|Thaïs leading the destruction of the palace of Persepolis, as imagined in Thaïs (painting)|Thaïs by Georges-Antoine Rochegrosse, 1890. Thaïs (; ; ) was a Greek who accompanied Alexander the Great on his military campaigns. Likely from Athens, she is most famous for having instigated the burning of Persepolis, the capital city of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, after it was conquered by Alexander's army in 330 BCE. At the time, Thaïs was the lover of Ptolemy I Soter, who was one of Alexander's close companions and generals. It has been suggested that she may also have been Alexander's love

thumb|upright 1.2|Death of Pelopidas, by Andrey Ivanovich Ivanov|Andrey Ivanov, 1805–1806 Pelopidas (; ; died 364 BC) was an important Theban statesman and general in Greece, instrumental in establishing the mid-fourth century Theban hegemony.

thumb|Coin of Timoleon (344–337 BC), with Zeus [[Eleutherios ('the liberator') and Pegasus]] Timoleon (Greek: Τιμολέων), son of Timodemus, of Corinth (–337 BC) was a Greek statesman and general.

Leonnatus (; 356 BC – 322 BC) was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the diadochi. __NOTOC__ == Early life and background == Leonnatus was a member of the royal house of Lyncestis, a small Greek kingdom that had been included in Macedonia by King Philip II of Macedon. The Suda records that Leonnatus was related to Eurydice I, mother of Philip II of Macedon.

ancient Greek scholar and poet

Philotas (; 365 BC – October 330 BC) was the eldest son of Parmenion, one of Alexander the Great's most experienced and talented generals. He rose to command the Companion Cavalry, but was accused of conspiring against Alexander and executed.

Zoilus ( Zoilos; c. 400320 BC) was a Greek grammarian and literary critic from Amphipolis in Eastern Macedonia, then known as Thrace. He took the name Homeromastix (Ὁμηρομάστιξ "Homer whipper"; gen.: Ὁμηρομάστιγος) later in life.

Dinarchus or Dinarch (; Corinth, c. 361 – c. 291 BC) was a logographer (speechwriter) in Ancient Greece. He was the last of the ten Attic orators included in the "Alexandrian Canon" compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace in the third century BC.

Isaeus ( Isaios; fl. early 4th century BC) was one of the ten Attic orators according to the Alexandrian canon. He was a student of Isocrates in Athens, and later taught Demosthenes while working as a metic logographer (speechwriter) for others. Only eleven of his speeches survive, with fragments of a twelfth. They are mostly concerned with inheritance, with one on civil rights. Dionysius of Halicarnassus compared his style to Lysias, although Isaeus was more given to employing sophistry.

Peithon or Pithon (Greek: Πείθων or Πίθων, 355 – 314 BC) was the son of Crateuas, a nobleman from Eordaia in western Macedonia. He was famous for being one of the bodyguards of Alexander the Great, becoming the later satrap of Media, and claiming to be one of the diadochi.

king of Epirus from 370 BC to 357 BC

king of Epirus from 370 BC to 343/2 BC

4th century BC Greek writer

Ruler of Ancient Epirus

Stasanor (; lived 4th century BC) was a native of Soli in Cyprus, who held a distinguished position among the officers of Alexander the Great.

tagus of Thessaly

Lagus of Eordaia (Greek Λάγος, Lagos; lived 4th century BC) was a Macedonian courtier and the father of Ptolemy, the founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He married Arsinoe of the Argead dynasty and a concubine of Philip II, king of Macedon, who was said to have been pregnant at the time of their marriage, forming the basis of Ptolemy as the son of Philip; but it is possible that this is a later myth fabricated to glorify the Ptolemaic dynasty. From an anecdote recorded by Plutarch, it is clear that Lagus was a man of obscure birth; hence, when Theocritus calls Ptolemy a descendant of Heracles, h

Ancient Macedonian general

despot of Pherae in Thessaly 369 BC - 358 BC

4th-century BC Macedonian general

thumb|upright=1.37|Coinage of Alexander the Great struck under Balakros or Menes circa 333-327 BC. The letter "B" appears under the throne of Zeus. Balakros (), also Balacrus or Balagros, the son of Nicanor, one of Alexander the Great's "Somatophylakes" (bodyguards), was appointed satrap of Cilicia after the Battle of Issus, 333 BC. He succeeded to the last Achaemenid satrap of Cilicia, Arsames.

thumb|Relief of a horseman from the so-called "Tomb of Alcetas" in Termessos (modern Turkey) Alcetas (Greek Ἀλκέτας; died 320 BC) was the brother of Perdiccas and the son of Orontes from Orestis. He is first mentioned as one of Alexander the Great's generals in his Indian expedition.

Erigyius (in Greek Ἐριγυιoς; died 328 BC), a Mytilenaean, son of Larichus, was an officer in Alexander the Great's army. He had been driven into banishment by Philip II, king of Macedon, because of his faithful attachment to Alexander, and returned when the latter came to the throne in 336 BC. At the battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC, he commanded the cavalry of the allies, as he did also when Alexander set out in 330 BC from Ecbatana in pursuit of Darius III. In the same year Erigyius was entrusted with the command of one of the three divisions with which Alexander invaded Hyrcania. He was also amo

ancient Greek philosopher

thumb|250px|Sibyrtius was satrap of Arachosia and Gedrosia after the death of Alexander. Sibyrtius ( Sivyrtios; lived 4th century BC) was a Greek officer from Crete in the service of Alexander the Great, who was the satrap of Arachosia and Gedrosia shortly after the death of Alexander until about 303 BC.

Pythias (; ), also known as Pythias the Elder, was the adopted daughter of Hermias, ruler of the cities Assos and Atarneus on the Anatolian coast opposite the island of Lesbos. She was also Aristotle's first wife. Hermias was an enemy of Persia and allied with Macedonia. In his will, Aristotle ordered that he be buried next to his wife. From his wording, it is known that Pythias was already dead by the time he wrote his will.

Alexander the Great's general

ancient Greek heteira

4th-century BC Greek painter

Lanike or Lanice pronounced (Lan iss) (Greek: ), also called Hellanike or Alacrinis, daughter of Dropidas, who was son of Critias, was the sister of Cleitus the Black, and the nurse of Alexander the Great. She was born, most likely, shortly after 380 BC; for she is named as the mother of Proteas and two other sons who died in the Siege of Miletus in 334 BC. Her husband may have been Andronicus of Olynthus.

Thracian king of the Odrysae

wife of Pyrrhus I, king of Epire

4th-century BC tyrant of Heraclea Pontica

Antiphilus () was an ancient Greek painter from Naucratis, Egypt, in the age of Alexander the Great. He worked for Philip II of Macedon and Ptolemy I of Egypt. Thus, he was a contemporary of Apelles, whose rival he is said to have been, but he seems to have worked in quite another style. Quintilian speaks of his facility: the descriptions of his works which have come down to us show that he excelled in light and shade, in genre representations, and in caricature.

4th-century BC Greek hetaera

Greek mother of Pyrrhus

noble in Epirus: daughter of Aeacides and Phthia, sister of Pyrrhus, wife of Demetrius I of Macedon and mother of Alexander

general of Alexander the Great and satrap

Demochares (; 322), nephew of Demosthenes, Athenian orator and statesman, was one of the few distinguished Athenians in the period of decline.

Eupompus (Ancient Greek: ) was the founder of the great Sicyonic school of painting, which flourished in the 4th century BC at Sicyon in Ancient Greece. He was eclipsed by his successors, and is chiefly remembered for the advice which he is said to have given to Lysippus: to follow nature rather than any master.

admiral of Alexander the Great

governor of Alexander the Great

Stasander (; lived 4th century BC) was a Soloian general in the service of Alexander the Great. Upon Alexander's death he became the satrap of Aria, Arachosia and Drangiana. He lost control of his satrapies after being defeated by the Antigonids in the Wars of the Diadochi.

Greek ruler of Heraclea (c. 401–353 BC)

Macedonian wife of Antigonus, king of Asia

late 5th-century BCE Greek mathematician

King of Salamis on Cyprus

brother and general of Ptolemy I Soter, priest of the cult of Alexander

thumb|right|1659 painting by Elisabetta Sirani (adapting Merian's engraving); Timoclea pushing the Thracian captain who raped her into a well.

Greek tyrant of Atarneus (died 341/0 BC)