Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A

Piperine is an alkaloid extracted from the plant, Piper nigrum. Responsible for the pungency of black pepper, it is used in food flavorings as a spice, in fragrances, as an insecticide, and as an animal pest repellent.

group of drugs that have in common the ability to inhibit oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines

Moclobemide, sold under the brand names Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil and Manerix among others, is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. It is produced by affiliates of the Hoffmann–La Roche pharmaceutical company. Initially, Aurorix was also marketed by Roche in South Africa, but was withdrawn after its patent rights expired and Cipla Medpro's Depnil and Pharma Dynamic's Clori

Harmine, also known as banisterine or telepathine, as well as 7-methoxyharman or 7-methoxy-1-methyl-β-carboline, is a β-carboline and a harmala alkaloid which has hallucinogenic effects and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) activity. It occurs in a number of different plants, most notably Peganum harmala and Banisteriopsis caapi. Harmine reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), an enzyme which breaks down monoamines, making it a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA). Harmine does not inhibit MAO-B.

Harmaline, also known as 7-methoxyharmalan or as 3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-1-methyl-β-carboline, is a harmala alkaloid and β-carboline which has hallucinogenic effects and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) activity. It is the partly hydrogenated form of harmine.

Toloxatone (Humoryl) is an antidepressant launched in 1984 in France by Sanofi Aventis for the treatment of depression. It was discontinued in 2002. It acts as a selective reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA).

Pirlindole, sold under the brand names Lifril and Pyrazidol, is mainly a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) and secondly a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) which was developed and is used in Russia as an antidepressant. It is structurally and pharmacologically related to metralindole.

Metralindole (Inkazan) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) which was investigated in Russia as a potential antidepressant. It is structurally and pharmacologically related to pirlindole.

Bifemelane (INN), sold under the brand names Alnert and Celeport, is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that was widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction patients with depressive symptoms in Japan, and in the treatment of dementia as well. It also appears to be useful in the treatment of glaucoma. It has been discontinued in Japan since 1998, when it was removed from the market reportedly for lack of effectiveness.

Tetrindole was a drug candidate that functions by reversibly inhibiting monoamine oxidase A; it was first synthesized in Moscow in the early 1990s. Tetrindole is similar in its chemical structure to pirlindole (Pyrazidol), and metralindole.

Tetrahydroharmine (THH), also known as 7-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroharman (7-MeO-THH), is a fluorescent indole alkaloid and β-carboline that occurs in the tropical liana species Banisteriopsis caapi.

Brofaromine (proposed brand name Consonar) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) discovered by Ciba-Geigy. The compound was primarily researched in the treatment of depression and anxiety but its development was dropped before it was brought to market.

Eprobemide (INN) is a pharmaceutical drug that was used as an antidepressant in Russia (under the brand name Бефол/Befol). It is a non-competitive reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A that exhibits selective action on serotonin deamination. Eprobemide differs from moclobemide only in the linker that connects the morpholine fragment with the chlorobenzamide — moclobemide has two carbon atoms while eprobemide has three. Its registration was cancelled on December 30, 2003.

Befloxatone (MD-370,503) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.

Cimoxatone (MD 780515) is a reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (RIMA). It was never marketed.

Sercloremine (CGP-4718A), usually as the hydrochloride salt, is a drug which was developed in the 1980s and was formerly under investigation as an antidepressant, but was never marketed. It acts as a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) and serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Ranbezolid (RBx7644) is an oxazolidinone antibacterial. It competitively inhibits monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A).